 Typhoon Maemi at peak intensity on 10 September | |
| Meteorological history | |
|---|---|
| Formed | 5 September 2003 |
| Extratropical | 13 September 2003 |
| Dissipated | 16 September 2003 |
| Violent typhoon | |
| 10-minute sustained (JMA) | |
| Highest winds | 195 km/h (120 mph) |
| Lowest pressure | 910 hPa (mbar); 26.87 inHg |
| Category 5-equivalent super typhoon | |
| 1-minute sustained (SSHWS/JTWC) | |
| Highest winds | 280 km/h (175 mph) |
| Lowest pressure | 885 hPa (mbar); 26.13 inHg |
| Overall effects | |
| Fatalities | 120 total |
| Damage | $4.8 billion (2003 USD) |
| Areas affected | Miyakojima, Okinawa, Taiwan, South Korea, North Korea |
| IBTrACS | |
Part of the 2003 Pacific typhoon season | |
Typhoon Maemi (pronounced [mɛ.mi]) (pronounced [ma.emiː]), known in the Philippines as Typhoon Pogi,[1] was the most powerful typhoon to strike South Korea since record-keeping began in the country in 1904. Maemi formed on 4 September 2003, from a disturbance in a monsoon trough in the western Pacific Ocean. It slowly intensified into Tropical Storm Maemi while moving northwestward, becoming a typhoon on September 8. That day, favorable conditions facilitated more rapid strengthening; the storm developed a well-defined eye and reached peak maximum sustained winds of 195 km/h (121 mph).[nb 1] While near peak intensity, Maemi decelerated and began turning to the north-northeast. Soon after, the eyewall passed over the Japanese island of Miyako-jima on September 10 and produced an air pressure reading of 912 mbar (26.9 inHg), the fourth-lowest recorded in the nation. Due to warm waters, Maemi was able to maintain much of its intensity before it made landfall just west of Busan, South Korea, on September 12. The typhoon became extratropical in the Sea of Japan the next day, although its remnants persisted for several days, lashing northern Japan with strong winds.
The typhoon first affected the Ryukyu Islands of Japan. On Miyako-jima, strong winds damaged 104 buildings and left 95% of residents without power. Maemi caused heavy rainfall there, with rates of 58.5 mm (2.30 in) in an hour and 402.5 mm (15.85 in) in 24 hours, the latter setting a record. One person died on Miyako-jima after being struck by airborne debris. Elsewhere in Japan, the storm caused flights to be canceled, and rainfall-induced landslides blocked roads. There were two other deaths in Japan, and damage totaled ¥11.3 billion yen (JPY, $96 million USD).[nb 2] Damage was heaviest in South Korea, particularly where it moved ashore. On Jeju Island, Maemi produced a peak wind gust of 216 km/h (134 mph) and a minimum pressure of 950 mbar (28 inHg), both setting records for the country; the pressure reading broke the longstanding lowest pressure set by Typhoon Sarah in 1959. Winds in Busan near the landfall location reached 154 km/h (96 mph), the second-highest on record. The port there sustained heavy damage, restricting exports in the months following the storm. Nationwide, the high winds destroyed about 5,000 houses and damaged 13,000 homes and businesses, leaving 25,000 people homeless. About 1.47 million households lost power, and widespread crop damage occurred, resulting in the poorest rice harvest in 23 years. Across South Korea, Maemi killed 117 people, and overall damage totaled ₩5.52 trillion won (KRW, US$4.8 billion).
- ^ Typhoon "Pogi" (7–10 September 2003) (Report). Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. Archived from the original on 16 October 2013. Retrieved 15 October 2013.
- ^ Annual Report on Activities of the RSMC Tokyo: Typhoon Center 2003 (PDF) (Report). Japan Meteorological Agency. 8. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 15 October 2013.
- ^ Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Super Typhoon (STY) 15W (Maemi) (PDF) (Report). United States Navy. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 February 2013. Retrieved 15 October 2013.
- ^ Chris Landsea. "Subject: D4) What does "maximum sustained wind" mean ? How does it relate to gusts in tropical cyclones ?". Frequently Asked Questions (Report). Hurricane Research Division. Archived from the original on 9 October 2014. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
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