UNICEF

United Nations Children's Fund
AbbreviationUNICEF
FounderLudwik Rajchman
TypeFund
Legal statusActive 11 December 1946; 77 years ago (1946-12-11) (as United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund)
HeadquartersNew York City, New York, U.S.
Executive Director
Catherine M. Russell
Parent organization
United Nations General Assembly
United Nations Economic and Social Council
Staff15,654[1] (in 2022)
Websitewww.unicef.org

UNICEF (/ˈjuːniˌsɛf/ YOO-nee-SEF), originally the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund, officially United Nations Children's Fund since 1946,[a] is an agency of the United Nations responsible for providing humanitarian and developmental aid to children worldwide.[4][5] The organization is one of the most widely known and visible social welfare entities globally, operating in 192 countries and territories.[6] UNICEF's activities include providing immunizations and disease prevention, administering treatment for children and mothers with HIV, enhancing childhood and maternal nutrition, improving sanitation, promoting education, and providing emergency relief in response to disasters.[7]

UNICEF is the successor of the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund, created on 11 December 1946, in New York, by the U.N. Relief Rehabilitation Administration to provide immediate relief to children and mothers affected by World War II. The same year, the U.N. General Assembly established UNICEF to further institutionalize post-war relief work.[8] In 1950, its mandate was extended to address the long-term needs of children and women, particularly in developing countries. In 1953, the organization became a permanent part of the United Nations System, and its name was changed to United Nations Children's Fund, though it retains the UNICEF acronym.[2]

UNICEF relies entirely on voluntary contributions from governments and private donors. Its total income as of 2023 was $8.37 billion; of which public-sector partners contributed $5.45 billion.[9] It is governed by a 36-member executive board that establishes policies, approves programs, and oversees administrative and financial plans. The board is made up of government representatives elected by the United Nations Economic and Social Council, usually for three-year terms.

UNICEF's programs emphasize developing community-level services to promote the health and well-being of children. Most of its work is in the field, with a network that includes 150 country offices, headquarters and other facilities, and 34 "national committees" that carry out its mission through programs developed with host governments. Seven regional offices provide technical assistance to country offices as needed, while its Supply Division—based in the cities of Copenhagen and New York—helps provide over $3 billion in critical aid and services.[10]

In 2018, UNICEF assisted in the birth of 27 million babies, administered pentavalent vaccines to an estimated 65.5 million children, provided education for 12 million children, treated four million children with severe acute malnutrition, and responded to 285 humanitarian emergencies in 90 countries.[11] UNICEF has received recognition for its work, including the Nobel Peace Prize in 1965, the Indira Gandhi Prize in 1989 and the Princess of Asturias Award in 2006. During the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, UNICEF, along with the World Health Organization and other agencies, published guidance about healthy parenting.[12]

  1. ^ "PERSONNEL BY ORGANIZATION".
  2. ^ a b "About UNICEF – FAQ". UNICEF. What does the acronym UNICEF stand for?. Retrieved 4 April 2017.
  3. ^ WiredGov, UNICEF UK launches 'The C stands for children' Campaign, published 27 October 2022, accessed 16 May 2023
  4. ^ "United Nations Children's Fund | United Nations System Chief Executives Board for Coordination". www.unsystem.org. Retrieved 10 November 2019.
  5. ^ "UNICEF | Definition, History, & Facts". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 12 February 2020.
  6. ^ "Where we work". www.unicef.org. Retrieved 12 February 2020.
  7. ^ Luk Van Wassenhove; Joachim Mikalsen; Charles Delagarde (27 April 2017). "Agility Under Pressure". Insead.
  8. ^ "Learning from experience: 1946–1979". www.unicef.org. Retrieved 12 February 2020.
  9. ^ "UNICEF Integrated Budget 2018–2021" (PDF). 23 June 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 January 2018.
  10. ^ Cite error: The named reference SD was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  11. ^ "UNICEF annual report 2018". www.unicef.org. 11 June 2019. Retrieved 12 February 2020.
  12. ^ "Interim Guidance for COVID-19 Prevention and Control in Schools". unicef.org. 10 March 2020. Retrieved 20 September 2020.


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