USS Atule

	Atule in the Kane Basin as part of Operation Nanook, an arctic-studies expedition
History
United States
Name	USS Atule (SS-403)
Builder	Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Kittery, Maine
Laid down	2 December 1943
Launched	6 March 1944
Commissioned	21 June 1944
Decommissioned	8 September 1947
Recommissioned	8 March 1951
Decommissioned	6 April 1970
Stricken	15 August 1973
Fate	Transferred to Peru on 31 July 1974
Peru
Name	BAP Pacocha (SS-48)
Acquired	31 July 1974
Fate	Rammed and sunk by a fishing trawler on 26 August 1988
General characteristics (World War II)
Class and type	Balao-class diesel-electric submarine
Displacement	1,526 tons (1,550 t) surfaced, 2,391 tons (2,429 t) submerged
Length	311 ft (3,730 in)
Beam	27 ft 3 in (8.31 m)
Draft	16 ft 10 in (5.13 m) maximum
Propulsion	4 × Fairbanks-Morse Model 38D8-⅛ 10-cylinder opposed piston diesel engines driving electrical generators; 2 × 126-cell Sargo batteries; 4 × high-speed Elliott electric motors with reduction gears; two propellers ; 5,400 shp (4.0 MW) surfaced; 2,740 shp (2.0 MW) submerged;
Speed	20.25 kn (37.50 km/h) surfaced, 8.75 kn (16.21 km/h) submerged
Range	11,000 nmi (20,000 km) @ 10 kn (19 km/h) surfaced
Endurance	48 hours @ 2 kn (3.7 km/h) submerged, 75 days on patrol
Test depth	400 ft (120 m)
Complement	10 officers, 70–71 enlisted
Armament	10 × 21-inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes; 6 forward, 4 aft; 24 torpedoes; 1 × 5-inch (127 mm) / 25 caliber deck gun; Bofors 40 mm and Oerlikon 20 mm cannon;
General characteristics (Guppy IA)
Class and type	none
Displacement	1,830 tons (1,859 t) surfaced, 2,440 tons (2,479 t) submerged
Length	307 ft 7 in (93.75 m)
Beam	27 ft 4 in (8.33 m)
Draft	17 ft (5.2 m)
Propulsion	Submarine snorkel added, Batteries upgraded to Sargo standard II
Speed	Surfaced:; 17.3 kn (32.0 km/h) (maximum); 12.5 kn (23.2 km/h) (cruising); Submerged:; 15 kn (28 km/h) (for ½ hour); 7.5 kn (13.9 km/h) (snorkeling); 3 kn (5.6 km/h) cruising;
Range	17,000 nmi (31,000 km) @ 11 kn (20 km/h) surfaced
Endurance	36 hours @ 3 kn (5.6 km/h) submerged
Complement	10 officers, 5 petty officers, 64–69 enlisted men
Armament	10 × 21 inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes (six forward, four aft), all guns removed

USS Atule (SS/AGSS-403), a Balao-class submarine, was the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for the atule.

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Friedman, Norman (1995). U.S. Submarines Through 1945: An Illustrated Design History. Annapolis, Maryland: United States Naval Institute. pp. 285–304. ISBN 1-55750-263-3.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Bauer, K. Jack; Roberts, Stephen S. (1991). Register of Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1775–1990: Major Combatants. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. pp. 275–280. ISBN 0-313-26202-0.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f U.S. Submarines Through 1945 pp. 305-311
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Bauer, K. Jack; Roberts, Stephen S. (1991). Register of Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1775–1990: Major Combatants. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. pp. 275–280. ISBN 978-0-313-26202-9.
^ U.S. Submarines Through 1945 pp. 261–263
^ ^a ^b ^c U.S. Submarines Through 1945 pp. 305–311
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f U.S. Submarines Since 1945 pp. 242
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Friedman, Norman (1994). U.S. Submarines Since 1945: An Illustrated Design History. Annapolis, Maryland: United States Naval Institute. pp. 11–43. ISBN 1-55750-260-9.

[FriedmanSubs1-dates-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Friedman, Norman (1995). U.S. Submarines Through 1945: An Illustrated Design History. Annapolis, Maryland: United States Naval Institute. pp. 285–304. ISBN 1-55750-263-3.

[Register-2] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Bauer, K. Jack; Roberts, Stephen S. (1991). Register of Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1775–1990: Major Combatants. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. pp. 275–280. ISBN 0-313-26202-0.

[FriedmanSubs1-specs-3] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f U.S. Submarines Through 1945 pp. 305-311

[Register_275–280-4] Bauer, K. Jack; Roberts, Stephen S. (1991). Register of Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1775–1990: Major Combatants. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. pp. 275–280. ISBN 978-0-313-26202-9.

[FriedmanSubs1-engines_261–263-5] U.S. Submarines Through 1945 pp. 261–263

[FriedmanSubs1-specs_305–311-6] U.S. Submarines Through 1945 pp. 305–311

[FriedmanSubs2-specs-7] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f U.S. Submarines Since 1945 pp. 242

[FriedmanSubs2-chap2-8] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Friedman, Norman (1994). U.S. Submarines Since 1945: An Illustrated Design History. Annapolis, Maryland: United States Naval Institute. pp. 11–43. ISBN 1-55750-260-9.

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History
Atule in the Kane Basin as part of Operation Nanook, an arctic-studies expedition
United States
Name	USS Atule (SS-403)
Builder	Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Kittery, Maine^[1]
Laid down	2 December 1943^[1]
Launched	6 March 1944^[1]
Commissioned	21 June 1944^[1]
Decommissioned	8 September 1947^[1]
Recommissioned	8 March 1951^[1]
Decommissioned	6 April 1970^[1]
Stricken	15 August 1973^[1]
Fate	Transferred to Peru on 31 July 1974^[2]

Peru
Name	BAP Pacocha (SS-48)
Acquired	31 July 1974
Fate	Rammed and sunk by a fishing trawler on 26 August 1988
General characteristics (World War II)
Class and type	Balao-class diesel-electric submarine^[2]
Displacement	1,526 tons (1,550 t) surfaced,^[2] 2,391 tons (2,429 t) submerged^[2]
Length	311 ft (3,730 in)^[2]
Beam	27 ft 3 in (8.31 m)^[2]
Draft	16 ft 10 in (5.13 m) maximum^[2]
Propulsion	4 × Fairbanks-Morse Model 38D8-⅛ 10-cylinder opposed piston diesel engines driving electrical generators^[4]^[5] 2 × 126-cell Sargo batteries^[6] 4 × high-speed Elliott electric motors with reduction gears^[4] two propellers ^[4] 5,400 shp (4.0 MW) surfaced^[4] 2,740 shp (2.0 MW) submerged^[4]
Speed	20.25 kn (37.50 km/h) surfaced,^[3] 8.75 kn (16.21 km/h) submerged^[3]
Range	11,000 nmi (20,000 km) @ 10 kn (19 km/h) surfaced^[3]
Endurance	48 hours @ 2 kn (3.7 km/h) submerged,^[3] 75 days on patrol
Test depth	400 ft (120 m)^[3]
Complement	10 officers, 70–71 enlisted^[3]
Armament	10 × 21-inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes 6 forward, 4 aft 24 torpedoes^[6] 1 × 5-inch (127 mm) / 25 caliber deck gun^[6] Bofors 40 mm and Oerlikon 20 mm cannon
General characteristics (Guppy IA)
Class and type	none
Displacement	1,830 tons (1,859 t) surfaced,^[8] 2,440 tons (2,479 t) submerged^[8]
Length	307 ft 7 in (93.75 m)^[7]
Beam	27 ft 4 in (8.33 m)^[7]
Draft	17 ft (5.2 m)^[7]
Propulsion	Submarine snorkel added,^[8] Batteries upgraded to Sargo standard II^[8]
Speed	Surfaced: 17.3 kn (32.0 km/h) (maximum) 12.5 kn (23.2 km/h) (cruising) Submerged: 15 kn (28 km/h) (for ½ hour) 7.5 kn (13.9 km/h) (snorkeling) 3 kn (5.6 km/h) cruising^[8]
Range	17,000 nmi (31,000 km) @ 11 kn (20 km/h) surfaced^[7]
Endurance	36 hours @ 3 kn (5.6 km/h) submerged^[7]
Complement	10 officers, 5 petty officers, 64–69 enlisted men
Armament	10 × 21 inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes (six forward, four aft),^[7] all guns removed^[8]