Ukrainians constitute, since 2022, the second-largest foreign community residing in Portugal,[1] with more than 60,000 refugees being registered in the country as a consequence of the Ukrainian Refugee Crisis.[2] The Ukrainians retook the second place for the first time since 2012, when they numbered 44,074.[3][4] Albeit contingent to the development of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, this ends a declining trend for Ukrainians residing in Portugal, from its maximum in 2002, as the largest immigrant community numbering 62,448, to fifth with 28,629 in 2020, further declining to 27,220 in 2021.[5] Part of this decline however is due to naturalizations - from 2008 to 2021, a total of 30925 Ukrainians became Portuguese citizens. [6]