| Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz عمر بن عبد العزيز | |
|---|---|
 Gold dinar of Umar, c. 719 | |
| 8th Caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate | |
| Reign | 22 September 717 – 4 February 720 (2 years, 137 days) |
| Predecessor | Sulayman |
| Successor | Yazid II |
| Governor of Medina | |
| In office[1] | 706–712 |
| Predecessor | Hisham ibn Isma'il al-Makhzumi[2] |
| Successor | Uthman ibn Hayyan al-Murri[3] |
| Born | c. 680 Medina, Arabia, Umayyad Caliphate |
| Died | c. 5 February 720 (aged 40) Dayr Sim'an, Syria, Umayyad Caliphate |
| Wife |
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| Issue |
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| House | Marwanid |
| Dynasty | Umayyad |
| Father | Abd al-Aziz ibn Marwan |
| Mother | Layla bint Asim |
| Religion | Islam |
Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz ibn Marwan (Arabic: عُمَر بْن عَبْد الْعَزِيز بْن مَرْوَان, romanized: ʿUmar ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn Marwān; c. 680 – February 720) was the eighth Umayyad caliph, ruling from 717 until his death in 720. He is credited to have instituted significant reforms to the Umayyad central government, by making it much more efficient and egalitarian. His rulership is marked by the first official collection of hadiths and the mandated universal education to the populace.
He dispatched emissaries to China and Tibet, inviting their rulers to accept Islam. It was during his three-year reign that Islam was accepted by huge segments of the populations of Persia and Egypt. He also ordered the withdrawal of the Muslim forces in various fronts such as in Constantinople, Central Asia and Septimania. However despite this, his reign witnessed the Umayyads gaining many new territories in the Iberian Peninsula.
Umar was considered by many to be the first mujaddid and the sixth righteous caliph of Islam after Hasan ibn Ali according to some Sunni scholars. He was honorifically called Umar al-Thani (Umar II) after his maternal great-grandfather, Caliph Umar (r. 634–644).
- ^ Yarshater 1985–2007, v. 23: pp. 131-33, 139, 145, 148, 156, 183, 201-03; McMillan 2011, pp. 95–96, 103–04; EI2, s.v. "Umar (II) b. Abd al-Aziz"); Khalifah ibn Khayyat 1985, p. 311; Al-Ya'qubi 1883, p. 339; Al-Baladhuri 1916, p. 20.
- ^ Yarshater 1985–2007, v. 23: pp. 33, 71, 76, 114, 131-33; McMillan 2011, pp. 79, 92–93, 95, 102–03; EI2, s.v. "Makhzum"); Khalifah ibn Khayyat 1985, pp. 293, 311; Al-Ya'qubi 1883, p. 335.
- ^ Yarshater 1985–2007, v. 23: pp. 202-03, 206 ff., 214, 217; v. 24: pp. 3-4; McMillan 2011, pp. 105, 110–11; EI2, s.v. "Murra"); Khalifah ibn Khayyat 1985, pp. 311, 317; Al-Ya'qubi 1883, p. 353.