United States occupation of Nicaragua

United States occupation of Nicaragua
Part of the Banana Wars
United States Marines with the captured flag of Augusto C. Sandino in 1932
Date August 4, 1912 – January 2, 1933 (20 years, 4 months, 4 weeks and 1 day) First Occupation: August 4, 1912 – August 4, 1925 (13 years) Second Occupation: May 7, 1926 – January 2, 1933 (6 years, 7 months, 3 weeks and 5 days) Location Nicaragua Result United States military victory Liberal Party political victory Change of regime in Nicaragua Great Depression marks US withdrawal (1933)
Belligerents
United States  Nicaragua	Liberal Party (1912–1927) Army in Defense of the National Sovereignty of Nicaragua [es] (1927–1933)
Commanders and leaders
William Henry Hudson Southerland Smedley Butler	Benjamín Zeledón (1912) Luis Mena (1912) Augusto César Sandino (1927–1933)
Casualties and losses
First occupation (1912–1925): 7 killed (5 marines & 2 sailors) 16 marines wounded (all in 1912)[1] Second occupation (1926–1933): 136 marines killed (32 killed-in-action, 15 died of wounds, and 5 murdered by mutinous National Guardsmen)[2] 75 killed (Nicaraguan National Guardsmen)[2]	First occupation (1912–1925): Unknown Second occupation (1926–1933): 1,115 Sandinista insurgents killed[3]

The United States occupation of Nicaragua from August 4, 1912, to January 2, 1933, was part of the Banana Wars, when the U.S. military invaded various Latin American countries from 1898 to 1934. The formal occupation began on August 4, 1912, even though there were various other assaults by the United States in Nicaragua throughout this period. American military interventions in Nicaragua were designed to stop any other nation except the United States of America from building a Nicaraguan Canal.

Nicaragua assumed a quasi-protectorate status under the 1916 Bryan–Chamorro Treaty. President Herbert Hoover (1929–1933) opposed the relationship. On January 2, 1933, Hoover ended the American intervention.^[4]