Universiteiten van Nederland (UNL), previously Vereniging van Universiteiten (VSNU; 'Association of Universities in the Netherlands') until November 2021,[1] is a trade group of government-funded research universities, including three special universities, and the Open University of the Netherlands. It formed as the Vereniging van Samenwerkende Nederlandse Universiteiten in 1985, as a successor to the Academische Raad (est. 1956).[2][3]
history
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