Unstructured interview

Television journalists interviewing a cosplayer. Field interviews by journalists are more often than not unstructured, without many prearranged questions

An unstructured interview or non-directive interview is an interview in which questions are not prearranged.[1] These non-directive interviews are considered to be the opposite of a structured interview which offers a set amount of standardized questions.[2] The form of the unstructured interview varies widely, with some questions being prepared in advance in relation to a topic that the researcher or interviewer wishes to cover. They tend to be more informal and free flowing than a structured interview, much like an everyday conversation. Probing is seen to be the part of the research process that differentiates the in-depth, unstructured interview from an everyday conversation.[3] This nature of conversation allows for spontaneity and for questions to develop during the course of the interview, which are based on the interviewees' responses. The chief feature of the unstructured interview is the idea of probe questions that are designed to be as open as possible.[4] It is a qualitative research method and accordingly prioritizes validity and the depth of the interviewees' answers.[5] One of the potential drawbacks is the loss of reliability, thereby making it more difficult to draw patterns among interviewees' responses in comparison to structured interviews.[6] Unstructured interviews are used in a variety of fields and circumstances, ranging from research in social sciences, such as sociology, to college and job interviews.[6] Fontana and Frey have identified three types of in depth, ethnographic, unstructured interviews - oral history, creative interviews (an unconventional interview in that it does not follow the rules of traditional interviewing), and post-modern interviews.[7]

  1. ^ Rogers, Carl R. (1945). Frontier Thinking in Guidance. University of California: Science research associates. pp. 105–112. Retrieved March 18, 2015.
  2. ^ Holt, compiled and edited by Richard Thorpe, and Robin (2007). The SAGE Dictionary of Qualitative Management Research. London: Sage Publications. p. 117. ISBN 978-1849203418. {{cite book}}: |first1= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. ^ Klenke, Karin (2008). Qualitative research in the study of leadership (1st ed.). Bingley, UK: Emerald Group Pub. p. 129. ISBN 978-0080464107.
  4. ^ Bailey, Kenneth D. (2008). Methods of Social Research (4. ed.). Free Press. p. 194. ISBN 978-1439118894.
  5. ^ David, Matthew; Sutton, Carole D. (2009). Social research : the basics (Repr. ed.). London: Sage Publ. p. 87. ISBN 978-0761973676.
  6. ^ a b Chilisa, Bagele (2012). Indigenous research methodologies. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: SAGE Publications. pp. 206–214. ISBN 9781412958820.
  7. ^ Fontana, Andrea; Frey, James H. (1994). The Handbook of Qualitative Research. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. pp. 361–376.