German word meaning "subhuman", used by the Nazis
Cover of the Nazi propaganda brochure "Der Untermensch " ("The Subhuman"), 1942. The SS booklet depicted the natives of Eastern Europe as "subhumans".[ 1]
Untermensch (German pronunciation: [ˈʔʊntɐˌmɛnʃ] ⓘ ; plural : Untermenschen ) is a German language word literally meaning 'underman', 'sub-man', or 'subhuman ', which was extensively used by Germany's Nazi Party to refer to non-Aryan people they deemed as inferior. It was mainly used against "the masses from the East", that is Jews , Roma , and Slavs (mainly ethnic Poles , Belarusians , Czechs , Ukrainians , Serbs , and Russians ).[ 2] [ 3]
The term was also applied to "Mischling " (persons of mixed "Aryan" and non-Aryan, such as Jewish, ancestry) and black people .[ 4] Jewish, Slavic, and Romani people, along with the physically and mentally disabled , as well as homosexuals and political dissidents , and on rare instances, POWs from Western Allied armies , were to be exterminated [ 5] in the Holocaust .[ 6] [ 7] According to the Generalplan Ost , the Slavic population of East-Central Europe was to be reduced in part through mass murder in the Holocaust for Lebensraum , with a significant amount expelled further east to Siberia and used as forced labour in the Reich. These concepts were an important part of the Nazi racial policy .[ 8]
^ "Booklet" . United States Holocaust Memorial Museum . Archived from the original on 30 June 2016.
^ Connelly, John (March 1999). "Nazis and Slavs: From Racial Theory to Racist Practice" . Central European History . 32 (1). Cambridge University Press : 1–33. doi :10.1017/S0008938900020628 . PMID 20077627 . S2CID 41052845 .
^ Gumkowski, Janusz; Leszczynski, Kazimierz; Robert, Edward (1961). Hitler's Plans for Eastern Europe . Poland Under Nazi Occupation (First ed.). Polonia Pub. House. p. 219. ASIN B0006BXJZ6 . Archived from the original (Paperback) on 9 April 2011. Retrieved 12 March 2014 . The category of sub-human (Untermensch) included Slavic peoples (Poles, Russians, Serbs, etc.) Gypsies and Jews.
^ Berenbaum, Michel; Peck, Abraham J. (1998). The Holocaust and History: The Known, the Unknown, the Disputed, and the Reexamined . United States Holocaust Memorial Museum , Indiana University Press . pp. 59 & 37. ISBN 978-0253215291 .
^ Snyder, Timothy (2011) Bloodlands: Europe between Hitler and Stalin London:Vintage. pp.144-5, 188 ISBN 978-0-09-955179-9
^ Mineau, André (2004). Operation Barbarossa: Ideology and Ethics Against Human Dignity . Amsterdam; New York: Rodopi. p.180. ISBN 90-420-1633-7
^ Gigliotti, Simone and Lang, Berel (2005) The Holocaust: A Reader London:Blackwell Publishing. p.14
^ Cite error: The named reference Hitlers_Plans
was invoked but never defined (see the help page ).