This timeline lists all North American sovereign states, both current and defunct, of the second and third millennia. Vassal states, unrecognised states or states with limited recognition throughout history are generally not included unless they evolved at some point into a sovereign state. Territorial changes that do not consume whole nations or produce new ones are not considered.
| Empires are highlighted by color:
|
  
|
Habsburg Spain, Spanish Empire, Spain
|
  
|
Kingdom of France, French Empire, France
|
    
|
Kingdom of England, Commonwealth of England, The Protectorate, Kingdom of Great Britain, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom
|
  
|
Dutch Republic, Dutch Empire, Batavian Republic, Kingdom of Holland, United Kingdom of the Netherlands, Netherlands
|
 
|
Grand Duchy of Moscow, Tsardom of Russia, Russian Empire, Soviet Union, Russia
|
       
|
United States of America
|
     
|
Holy Roman Empire, German Confederation, German Empire, Nazi Germany, Germany
|
   
|
Habsburg Austria, Austrian Empire, Austria–Hungary, Austria
|
 
|
Byzantine Empire
|
 
|
Ottoman Empire, Turkey
|
|
|
Mongol Empire
|
 
|
First Bulgarian Empire, Second Bulgarian Empire, Bulgaria
|
  
|
Kingdom of Lithuania, Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Lithuania
|
 
|
Kingdom of Denmark, Kalmar Union, Denmark-Norway, Denmark
|
.svg){kind=small}
.svg){kind=small}
.svg){kind=small}
.svg){kind=small}
.svg){kind=small}
.svg){kind=small}
.svg){kind=small}
.svg){kind=small}
.svg){kind=small}
.svg){kind=small}
.svg){kind=small}
.svg){kind=small}
.svg){kind=small}
.svg){kind=small}
.svg){kind=small}
.svg){kind=small}
.svg){kind=small}
.svg){kind=small}
.svg){kind=small}
.svg){kind=small}
.svg){kind=small}
.svg){kind=small}
.svg){kind=small}
.svg){kind=small}
.svg){kind=small}
.svg){kind=small}
