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Computer arithmetic is a subfield of the computer architecture[1] that deals with both the hardware implementation of arithmetic operations in a computer and software algorithms supporting the arithmetic, with an emphasis on speeding up the numeric calculations.[2] The term also designates the corresponding branch of the computer engineering.[3]
The field of computer arithmetic covers hardware implementation of adders (including counters) and subtractors, multipliers, dividers, square rooters and evaluators for other arithmetic functions. The software side of the computer arithmetic involves design and analysis of arithmetic algorithms.[3] Bitwise operations like NOT, AND, OR, XOR, bit shifts also belong to "computer arithmetic".[4]