User:Josie0710/Gold nanocages

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Gold nanocages (AuNCs) represent a novel class of nanostructures invented by Younan Xia and his co-workers in 2002.^[1] They can be considered as single-crystal nanoboxes with empty interiors and porous walls. The wall thickness of a gold nanocage can be controlled in the range of 1-10 nm to tune its absorption/scattering peak throughout the visible and near infrared (the transparent window of soft tissue). Significantly, Younan Xia demonstrated that such a complex nanostructure can be synthesized using a simple and elegant method based on the galvanic replacement reaction between silver nanocubes and chloroauric acid in water. The AuNCs are truly multifunctional: They have strong absorption/scattering powers with the resonance peak positions precisely tunable from 500 to 1200 nm. As a result, AuNCs are ideal contrast agents for imaging modalities such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) and photoacoustic tomography (PAT). Furthermore, the surface of AuNCs can be routinely derivatized with all sorts of functional groups using the well-established gold-thiolate monolayer chemistry. This ability allows one to easily build a well-controlled interface to interact with any biological system of interest. When these AuNCs are attached to the surfaces of cancer cells, the photothermal conversion provides an effective and selective means to destroy cancer cells. By coating the surface of AuNCs with smart polymers or filled with phase-change materials, the AuNCs serve as a new class carriers for drug delivery, with which life-saving medicines can be delivered and released at the site of interest and on demand.