This list represents sites that exist solely to host paid PR content. Many disguise themselves as legitimate "news" sources, often with very obvious falsified staff listings and stock photos. Some deceptively chose names similar to existing publications or take over domains of prior publications.
- 4DBC - all managed by "4D Business Consulting" (4dbc.net). Morocco (shell in Wyoming)
- ANON FARM - Used in clusters, same spartan anonymous posting and no-frills sties
- APSTERS - Dozens of these are run by "Apsters Technologies" out of India. Run by a SEO consultant
- BODEN - "Boden News" related sites that are run by a SEO group
- BORING - Boring Media farm: Several "local news sites" involved in unattributed paid placement and spamming on wikipedia. Year old, no editorial control or authorship on any of these. Parent company promises "bespoke news and media firm that specializes in beautifully bold branding"
- CALIFORNIA - California Herald farm: Several related sites spammed all over black hat SEO ads. Fake authors and locations; can't find parent org.
- CEDRUSMEDIA - SEO/PR firm advertising 50+ news sites for paid placement
- COLDBLUE - Hudson Coldblue farm: "HW Newsroom is a collaborative desk, bringing together public relations specialists, news media agencies, freelance journalists, and news editors. HUDSON WEEKLY by Hudson Coldblue (HDSN) empowers communicators to identify and engage with key influencers, craft and distribute meaningful stories. Hudson Coldblue is a North American provider of services to public relations and marketing communications professionals."
- DJL - Claimed parent of "Donors Joint Limited". Sites are located in Ghana with shared metadata; several other sites linked but either obvious spam or not active.
- FACILIUS - Also, Digital Nod (both run by Karishhma Mago), runs at least one fake site and guest posts on dozens of other fake news blogs (typically as DN News Desk or some other form)
- FIRE - Blog/SEO farm owned by "Fire Digital Limited", a PR/SEO group advertising paid placement on owned platforms.
- GRANDPA - SEO media firm, primary site was businesstelegraph.co.uk, now blacklisted, many others
- INTEC - UAE/GCC SEO/marketing/website design firm, linked by IP to an amateur spam farm
- JPB - JohnPaulBlogs runs a series of "guest posting" farms that keep popping up; sync to "[email protected]"
- KIVO - Many items in this list seem to track back to efforts by kivodaily.com and their parent "PR Placement" firm "News Anchored, LLC".
- MARKETING FOLKS - Marketing Folks in AUS/NZ; large farm inter-related sites, often show up in clumps on the same spam/SEO articles, extensive use of stock images and fake profiles for authors, a lot of adcopy for SEO services that mention many of these sinks by name
- OTTER - Otter PR, Otter Love LLC
- SHARMA - Shubham Sharma, runs "heylinspark.com", an Indian SEO/PR shell, other domains and companies involved
- TECHAGER - advertises as "SEO friendly", large spam ring of related blogs from a few seo "experts"
- ENSPIRERS - Blatant SEO/PR firm advertising placement on hosted fake news sites
- Other groups obviously exist, but it is more difficult to track back to the originating paid placement firm.
rmv non-[[WP:RS]] : [[Search engine optimization|SEO]]/[[Public relations|PR]] firm blog masked as a news site