User:Marcelus/sandbox10

  •   Blue Police structure, staffed with ethnic Poles
  •   Gendarmerie structure, staffed with Germans
  •   civilian German structures
Subordination of Blue Police
Polish Police liaison officer
Verbindungsoffizier der Polnischen Polizei		The commander of the gendarmerie in the district
Der Kommandeur der Gendarmerie im Distrikt
Gendarmerie command
Gendarmerie Hauptmannschaft		Country Captain
Kreishauptmann
Commander of the Gendarmerie Platoon
Commander of the Polish Police in the county
Kommandeur der Polnischen Polizei im Kreis		Gendarmerie station
Gendarmeriezug		Gendarmerie station
Gendarmeriezug
Blue Police stationBlue Police stationBlue Police stationBlue Police station

Ukrainian Auxiliary Police - was an auxiliary police force of the German Order Police in the Reichskommissariat Ukraine and existed from July 1941 until probably mid-1944; an exact dissolution date is not known. Smaller contingents were integrated into the Waffen-SS when it was disbanded .

Ukrainian Militias - local militias established at the wake of German invasion of USSR


Poland, as a country with one of the largest Jewish populations in Europe, held a special place in Nazi plans.[1] Anti-Semitism became a state ideology in Germany after the Nazis gained power, but even before that, Eastern European Jews, called in Germany Ostjuden, especially Polish Jews, held a particularly low position in German perception.[2] Jews in Germany tended to be secularised and largely assimilated into German society, while most Polish Jews lived in traditionalist religious communities, speaking Yiddish and distinguishing themselves in dress and customs from their surroundings.[3] As early as 1797, in Prussia, after conquering a large part of Poland, a division was made between "protege Jews", adopting German culture, and "tolerated Jews", who continued their traditional way of life and on whom numerous restrictions were imposed.[4] With the influx of eastern Jews into Germany in the 1880s, a negative stereotype of eastern Jews was reinforced, they were often referred to as the "Asian horde" or Luftmenschen, a term referring to their poverty.[4] In public perception there was a distinction between Krawattenjuden, wearing ties, and Kaftanjuden, wearing khalats or kaftans.[4]

Prejudice was intensified during World War I, when huge numbers of Jews from the occupied eastern territories flowed into Germany.[5] They were accused of criminal activity, lack of hygiene, spreading disease, speculation, trafficking of women, spreading revolution, and were eventually blamed for Germany's defeat in the war and interwar economic problems faced by Germany.[6] Jews from the east were victims of traditional German anti-Semitism, as well as negative perceptions of the East as a backward and uncivilized area.[5] Soon, especially in the Nazi press, the term Ostjude began to be used as a slur, and as a synonym for Bolshevik and Communist.[7] Soaked in propaganda, German soldiers and officials, even before the invasion of Poland, did not view Polish Jews as humans, but as a "living stereotype."[8]

In the interwar period Polish Jews in Germany faced also legal persecution. In 1918, the Prussian Ministry of the Interior banned Polish Jews from entering the country on the pretext of their unwillingness to work, low morals, physical uncleanliness and the spread of typhus by them.[9] In 1923, the Bavarian government ordered the deportation of Jews with Polish citizenship as undesirables.[2] In October 1938, about all Jews with Polish citizenship living in Germany were arrested and expelled.[2]



Anti-Semitic propaganda used the appearance of the traditionalist Jew to dehumanise him.

  1. ^ Snyder 2010, p. 258.
  2. ^ a b c Hilberg 2003, p. 188.
  3. ^ Snyder (2015), p. 122.
  4. ^ a b c "DELET - Ostjuden". delet.jhi.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2023-06-13.
  5. ^ a b Kliymuk 2018, p. 101.
  6. ^ Kliymuk 2018, p. 101-103.
  7. ^ Kliymuk 2018, p. 104.
  8. ^ Snyder 2010, p. 122.
  9. ^ Hilberg 2003, p. 189.

Kliymuk, Alexander (2018). "The Construct Ostjuden in German Anti-Semitic Discourse of 1920–1932". Scripta Judaica Cracoviensia. 16.