User:Mohammad adil/sandbox8545005

Islamic conquest of Persia
Part of the Muslim conquests
Date 633-644 Location Mesopotamia, Caucasus, Bactria, and Persia Result Rashidun victory Territorial changes Mesopotamia and the Sassanid Persian Empire annexed by Muslims
Belligerents
Sassanid Persian Empire, Arab Christians	Rashidun Caliphate
Commanders and leaders
Emperor Yazdegerd III † Rostam Farrokhzād † Mahbuzan Huzail ibn Imran Hormuz † Anushjan Andarzaghar † Bahman Pirouzan † Jaban † Mihran † Hormuzan Mardan Shah † Bahram Isandir Karinz ibn Karianz Wahman Mardanshah Jalinus† Beerzan†	Caliph Abu Bakr Khalid ibn Walid Muthana ibn Haris † Caliph Umar Abu Ubaid † Saad ibn Abi Waqqas Zuhra ibn Al-Hawiyya † Hashim ibn Uthba Qa’qa ibn Amr Abu Musa Ashaari Ammar ibn Yasir Nouman ibn Muqarrin † Hudheifa ibn Al Yaman Mugheera ibn Shuba Usman ibn Abi al-Aas Asim ibn Amr Ahnaf ibn Qais Abdullah ibn Aamir

History of Greater Iran
Pre-Islamic BCE / BC Prehistory Kura–Araxes culture c. 3400 – c. 2000 Helmand culture/Jiroft culture 3300-2200 Proto-Elamite civilization 3200–2800 Elamite dynasties 2800–550 Lullubi/Zamua 3100-675 Marhaši 2550-2020 Bactria–Margiana Complex 2400–1700 Gutian Dynasty 2141-2050 Avestan period c. 1500 BCE – 500 BCE Kingdom of Mannai 10th–7th century Neo-Assyrian Empire 911–609 Urartu 860–590 Median Empire 728–550 Scythian Kingdom 652–625 Achaemenid Empire 550–330 Ancient kingdom of Armenia 331 BCE – 428 CE Seleucid Empire 330–150 Caucasian Iberia c. 302 BCE – 580 CE Greco-Bactrian Kingdom 250–125 Parthian Empire 248 BCE–224 CE Caucasian Albania 2nd century BCE – 8th century CE Roman Empire 27 BCE – 330 CE CE / AD Kushan Empire 30–275 Sasanian Empire 224–651 Afrighid dynasty 305–995 Hephthalite Empire 425–557 Kabul Shahi kingdom 565–879 Dabuyid dynasty 642–760 Bagratid Armenia 880s – 1045 Alania 8th/9th century – 1238 / 9 Kingdom of Georgia 1008–1490
Islamic Rashidun Caliphate 637–651 Umayyad Caliphate 661–750 Abbasid Caliphate 750–1258 Shirvanshah 799–1607 Tahirid dynasty 821–873 Dulafid dynasty 840–897 Zaydis of Tabaristan 864–928 Saffarid dynasty 861–1003 Samanid Empire 819–999 Sajid dynasty 889/90–929 Ziyarid dynasty 928–1043 Buyid dynasty 934–1055 Sallarid dynasty 941–1062 Ghaznavid Empire 975–1187 Ghurid dynasty pre-879 – 1215 Seljuk Empire 1037–1194 Khwarazmian dynasty 1077–1231 Sultanate of Rum 1077–1307 Salghurids 1148–1282 Ilkhanate 1256–1353 Kart dynasty 1231–1389 Ottoman Empire 1299–1923 Muzaffarid dynasty 1314–1393 Chupanid dynasty 1337–1357 Jalairid Sultanate 1339–1432 Timurid Empire 1370–1507 Qara Qoyunlu Turcomans 1407–1468 Aq Qoyunlu Turcomans 1378–1508 Safavid Empire 1501–1722 Mughal Empire 1526–1857 Hotak dynasty 1722–1729 Afsharid Iran 1736–1750 Zand dynasty 1750–1794 Durrani Empire 1794–1826 Qajar Iran 1794–1925
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The Islamic conquest of Persia led to the end of the Sassanid Persian Empire in 644, Sassanid dynasty in 651 and the eventual extirpation of the Zoroastrian religion in Persia. Sassanid Persian empire was first invaded by Muslims in Iraq in 633 under legendary general Khalid ibn Walid, which resulted in Muslim conquest of Iraq. Following the transfer of Khalid to Roman front in Levant, Muslims eventually lost Iraq to Persian counter attacks. The second invasion of Iraq begun in 635 under Saad ibn Abi Waqqas when after a key victory at Battle of Qadisiyyah Sassanid controll west of Persia was perminently ended. Zagros mountains became a natural barrier and borders between Rashidun Caliphate and Sassanid empire. Owing to continous raids of Persians in Iraq, Caliph umar ordered a whole scale invasion of Sassanid Persian empire in 642 which came to an end with complete conquest of Sassanid empire by mid 644. The quick conquest of Persia in series of well coordinated multi-pronged attacks, operated by Caliph Umar from Madinah several thousand miles from the battle fields in Persia, became his greatest triumph, marking his reputation among the greatest strategists and political genius of history. Most Muslim historians have long offered the idea that Persia, on the verge of the Arab invasion, was a society in decline and decay and thus it embraced the invading Arab armies with open arms. This view is not widely accepted however. Some authors have for example used mostly Arab sources to illustrate that "contrary to the claims of Muslim apologists, Iranians in fact fought long and hard against the invading Arabs."^[1] This view further more holds that once politically conquered, the Persians began engaging in a culture war of resistance and succeeded in forcing their own ways on the Arabs.^[2][3]