User:Muhandes/uni-open

India has both private and public universities, many of which are supported by the Government of India and the state governments. Apart from these there are private universities supported by various bodies and societies. Universities in India are recognized by the University Grants Commission (UGC), which draws its power from the University Grants Commission Act, 1956.^[1] In addition, 16 Professional Councils are established, controlling different aspects of accreditation and coordination.^[2]

The types of universities controlled by the UGC include:

• Central universities, or Union universities are established by Act of Parliament and are under the purview of the Department of Higher Education in the Union Human Resource Development Ministry.^[3] The UGC lists 42 central universities.^[4] However, as Central University of Jammu was has not started operating as of June 2011^[update],^[5] there are, in effect, 41.
• State universities are run by the state government of each of the states and territories of India, and are usually established by a local parliament act. As of 26 August 2011 (2011 -08-26)^[update], the UGC lists 281 state universities, around 170 of which are receiving Central/UGC assistance.^[6] The oldest establishment date listed by the UGC is 1857, shared by the University of Mumbai, the University of Madras and the University of Calcutta.
• Deemed university, or "Deemed-to-be-University", is a status of autonomy granted by the Department of Higher Education on the advice of the UGC, under Section 3 of UGC Act, 1956.^[7] The UGC list from 23 June 2008 lists 130 deemed universities.^[8] According to this list, the first institute to be granted deemed university status was Indian Institute of Science which was granted this status on 12 May 1958. Note that in many cases, the same listing by the UGC covers several institutes. For example, the listing for Homi Bhabha National Institute covers the Institute of Mathematical Sciences the Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research and other institutes.^[9] The list below includes only the major institute granted the status, and such additional institutes are not listed separately.
• Private universities are approved by the UGC. They can grant degrees but they are not allowed to have off-campus affiliated colleges. The UGC list from 1 September 2011 lists 94 private universities.^[10]

Another group of universities are the Agricultural Universities, which are under the control of the Agricultural Education Division of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), one of the professional councils.^[11] The ICAR lists 47 such universities,^[12] most of which are also recognized by the UGC as either central (the Central Agricultural University specifically) or state universities. Ten universities which are not recognized by the UGC are listed below with "ICAR" as the type of university.

In addition to the above universities, other institutions are granted the permission to autonomously award degrees, and while usually not called "university" by name, act as such. These groups are called "autonomous organizations" and are under the administrative control of the Department of Higher Education.^[13] These include the following:

• Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) are a group of autonomous engineering and technology-oriented institutes with special funding and administration. The original Institutes of Technology Act, 1961 lists seven IITs.^[14] Nine more are listed under the Institutes of Technology (Amendment) Act, 2010^[15] which was passed by the Lok Sabha on 24 March 2011^[16] and is still to be adopted by the Rajya Sabha.
• National Institutes of Technology (NITs) are a group of engineering, science, technology and management schools which were established as "Regional Engineering Colleges" and upgraded in 2003 to national status and central funding. The latest act governing NITs is the National Institutes of Technology Act, 2007 which declared them Institutes of National Importance. It lists twenty NITs.^[17] In 2010 the government announced plans for ten more.^[18]
• Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs) are a group of business schools created by the Government of India. IIMs are registered Societies governed by their respective Board of Governors. The Department of Higher Education lists 13 IIMs.^[19]
• Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research (IISERs) are a group of five institutes established by the Ministry of Human Resource Development, devoted to science education and research in basic sciences. They are broadly set on the lines of the Indian Institute of Science.^[20]
• Other autonomous institutes. The Department of Higher Education also lists some other institutes which do not fall into any of the categories above, and are not governed by any specific body. Some of these institutes were also granted deemed university status and are listed below as such. The rest are listed as "Autonomous". One specific such group is the Indian Institutes of Information Technology (IIITs), a group of four institutes focused on information technology. They are established by the central government, centrally funded, and managed by the Ministry of Human Resource Development.^[21] Three of the four were granted deemed university status,^[8] and the fourth, Indian Institute of Information Technology Design & Manufacturing Kancheepuram, is listed below as "Autonomous".

Of specific interest are Institutes of National Importance (INIs). INIs are institutions which are set by an act of parliament. They receive special recognition and funding. The Department of Higher Education's list includes 33 institutions.^[22] Some other institutes were added to the list recently.^[23][24] INIs are marked below with a hash (#).

Note that institutes which are affiliated with a listed institute are not listed separately. For example, the National Institute of Science Education and Research is affiliated with Homi Bhabha National Institute^[25] and is not listed separately.