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dxʷdəwʔabš | |
|---|---|
 Duwamish territory shown highlighted in green. Orange blocks are modern Indian reservations.[1] | |
| Total population | |
| About 253 (1854); about 400 enrolled members (1991), about 500 (2004).[2][3] | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Washington | |
| Languages | |
| Southern Lushootseed, English | |
| Religion | |
| Traditional tribal religion and Christianity, incl. syncretic forms | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Other Lushootseed-speaking peoples |
The Duwamish (Lushootseed: dxʷdəwʔabš,[4] [dxʷdəwʔɑbʃ], doof-DEHW-absh) are a Lushootseed-speaking Native American people in western Washington, and the indigenous people of metropolitan Seattle, where they have been living since the end of the last glacial period (c. 8000 BCE, 10,000 years ago). The modern Duwamish descend from at least two separate groups: the dxʷdəwʔabš, or Duwamish, and the x̌ačuʔabš, or Hachuamish, being the largest. Traditionally, the Duwuamish spoke a subdialect of the southern dialect of Lushootseed, which is a Salishan dialect continuum that is spoken throughout the Puget Sound region of Washington.
Duwamish people today are enrolled in several different tribes, including (but not limited to) the federally-recognized Muckleshoot Indian Tribe[5] and Suquamish Tribe,[6] and the eponymous Duwamish Tribe, which has not received federal recognition.
The Duwamish were among those who signed the Treaty of Point Elliott in 1855, the ramifications of which are still being felt to this day, as seen in the controversial fight between the unrecognized Duwamish Tribe and many federally-recognized tribes. The Duwamish enrolled in the Duwamish Tribe developed in parallel with their federally-recognized counterparts. Although not officially recognized by the federal government, the Duwamish Tribe remains organized, with roughly 500 enrolled members as of 2004. In 2009, the Duwamish Tribe opened the Duwamish Longhouse and Cultural Center on purchased land near their ancient settlement of həʔapus in West Seattle, near the mouth of the Duwamish River.[7][8]
- ^ "Territories page for the Duwamish". Native Land Digital. Retrieved April 9, 2022.
- ^ (1) Gibbs ([1877], 1967)
(1.1) D'Wamish on the Lake Fork of the D'Wamish River, 152; Sa-ma-mish (Sammamish) and S'kel-tehl-mish on the D'Wamish Lake (now Lake Washington) and environs, 101. These are the treaty-era names as they appeared. For simplicity, they are not otherwise mentioned in the article.
(2) Cf. Boyd (1999) - ^ Roxberger in Davis (1994), pp. 172–3
- ^ Bates, Dawn; Hess, Thom; Hilbert, Vi (1994). Lushootseed Dictionary. Seattle: University of Washington Press. ISBN 978-0-295-97323-4. OCLC 29877333.
- ^ "Muckleshoot History". Muckleshoot Indian Tribe. Retrieved October 2, 2023.
- ^ "History & Culture". The Suquamish Tribe. Retrieved October 2, 2023.
- ^ "Duwamish Longhouse and Cultural Center" (brochure), Duwamish Tribe, 2009
- ^ The Duwamish Longhouse is open! Archived November 15, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, Duwamish Tribe, accessed online April 7, 2009.