Uyghur Khaganate

Uyghur Khaganate
𐱃𐰆𐰴𐰕:𐰆𐰍𐰕:𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰣
Toquz Oγuz budun
744–840
Tamga of the Yaglakar clan of Uighur Empire
Tamga of the Yaglakar clan
Territory of the Uyghur Khaganate (745–850), and main contemporary polities in continental Asia[1]
StatusKhaganate (Nomadic empire)
Capital
Common languages
Religion
GovernmentMonarchy
Khagan 
• 744–747
Qutlugh Bilge Köl (first)
• 841–847
Enian Qaghan (last)
History 
• Established
744
• Disestablished
840
Area
800[3][4]3,100,000 km2 (1,200,000 sq mi)
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Second Turkic Khaganate
Kara-Khanid Khanate
Gansu Uyghur Kingdom
Kingdom of Qocho
Yenisei Kyrgyz Khaganate

The Uyghur Khaganate (also Uyghur Empire or Uighur Khaganate, self defined as Toquz-Oghuz country;[5][6][7] Old Turkic: 𐱃𐰆𐰴𐰕:𐰆𐰍𐰕:𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰣, romanized: Toquz Oγuz budun, lit.'Nine clan people', Tang-era names, with modern Hanyu Pinyin: Chinese: 回鶻; pinyin: Huíhú or Chinese: 回紇; pinyin: Huíhé) was a Turkic empire[8] that existed for about a century between the mid 8th and 9th centuries. It was a tribal confederation under the Orkhon Uyghur (回鶻) nobility, referred to by the Chinese as the Jiu Xing ("Nine Clans"), a calque of the name Toquz Oghuz or Toquz Tughluq.[9]

  1. ^ Bosworth, C.E. (1 January 1998). History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Volume 4. UNESCO. p. 428. ISBN 978-92-3-103467-1.
  2. ^ "Data" (PDF). www.tekedergisi.com. Retrieved 2020-01-19.
  3. ^ Turchin, Peter; Adams, Jonathan M.; Hall, Thomas D (December 2006). "East-West Orientation of Historical Empires". Journal of World-Systems Research. 12 (2): 222. ISSN 1076-156X. Retrieved 16 September 2016.
  4. ^ Taagepera, Rein (September 1997). "Expansion and Contraction Patterns of Large Polities: Context for Russia". International Studies Quarterly. 41 (3): 475–504. doi:10.1111/0020-8833.00053. JSTOR 2600793.
  5. ^ E.J. Brill (1962). Four studies on the history of Central Asia. p. 88.
  6. ^ Levi, Scott C. (2009). Islamic Central Asia: An Anthology of Historical Sources. p. 29.
  7. ^ V. V. Barthold (1956). Four Studies on Central Asia. p. 88.
  8. ^ Benson 1998, p. 16–19.
  9. ^ Bughra 1983, p. 50–51.