VMRO-DPMNE

Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization – Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity
Внатрешна македонска револуционерна организација – Демократска партија за македонско национално единство
AbbreviationVMRO-DPMNE
LeaderHristijan Mickoski[1]
Secretary-GeneralGjorgjija Sajkoski
Vice-PresidentAleksandar Nikoloski
Vlado Misajlovski
Timčo Mucunski
Gordana Dimitrievska Kocovska
FoundersLjubčo Georgievski[2]
Dragan Bogdanovski
Boris Zmejkovski
Gojko Jakovlevski[3]
Founded17 June 1990
HeadquartersSkopje
Youth wingYouth Force Union
Ideology
Political positionCentre-right to right-wing
National affiliationYour Macedonia
European affiliationEuropean People's Party (associate)
International affiliationInternational Democracy Union[5]
Colours  Red
  Black
  Gold
Assembly
55 / 120
Mayors
42 / 80
Local councils
468 / 1,333
Skopje city council
18 / 45
Website
vmro-dpmne.org.mk

The Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization – Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity (Macedonian: Внатрешна македонска револуционерна организација – Демократска партија за македонско национално единство), abbreviated as VMRO-DPMNE (Macedonian: ВМРО–ДПМНЕ), is a conservative[6][7] and the main centre-right[8][9][10] to right-wing[11] political party in North Macedonia.

It was established as a nationalist and anti-communist party. It has later rebranded itself as Christian-democratic.[2][7][12] The party claims that their goals and objectives are to express the tradition of the Macedonian people on whose political struggle and concepts it is based.[13][14] Nevertheless, it has formed multiple coalition governments with ethnic minority parties.[15] Under the leadership of Ljubčo Georgievski in the 1990s, the party supported Macedonian independence from Socialist Yugoslavia, and led a policy of closer relationships with Bulgaria.[16] Georgievski left VMRO-DPMNE and formed the VMRO – People's Party in 2004.[17]

Under the leadership of Nikola Gruevski, the party promoted ultranationalist[18] identity politics in the form of antiquisation. Its nationalist stances were often also anti-Albanian.[19] During Gruevski's leadership the party changed from a pro-European and а pro-NATO policy, to a Russophilic, pro-Serbian and anti-Western one.[20][further explanation needed] His government also managed to build strong anti-EU sentiments within the country.[21][further explanation needed]

  1. ^ "Мицкоски се обрати кон своите сопартијци од ВМРО-ДПМНЕ: Еве што им порача" [Mickoski addressed his fellow party members from VMRO-DPMNE: Here is what he told them]. Biznis Vesti (in Macedonian). 23 December 2017. Archived from the original on 8 August 2022. Retrieved 23 December 2017.
  2. ^ a b Berglund, Sten, ed. (2013). The Handbook of Political Change in Eastern Europe. Edward Elgar Publishing. pp. 621–622. ISBN 978-1782545880.
  3. ^ Daskalovski, Židas (2006). Walking on the Edge: Consolidating Multiethnic Macedonia, 1989-2004. Globic. p. 46. ISBN 978-0977666232.
  4. ^ Jebb, Cindy R. (2006). The Fight for Legitimacy: Democracy vs. Terrorism. Praeger Publishing. p. 65. ISBN 978-0275991890.
  5. ^ "Members". International Democracy Union. February 2018. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  6. ^ Bakke, Elisabeth (2010). "Central and East European party systems since 1989". In Ramet, Sabrina P. (ed.). Central and Southeast European Politics since 1989. Cambridge University Press. p. 79. ISBN 978-0-521-88810-3.
  7. ^ a b Nordsieck, Wolfram (2020). "North Macedonia". Parties and Elections in Europe. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
  8. ^ Bideleux, Robert; Jeffries, Ian (2007). The Balkans: A Post-Communist History. Taylor & Francis. p. 419. ISBN 978-0-415-22962-3.
  9. ^ Piano, Aili (30 September 2009). Freedom in the World 2009: The Annual Survey of Political Rights & Civil Liberties. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 433. ISBN 978-1-4422-0122-4.
  10. ^ Fluri, Philipp H.; Gustenau, Gustav E.; Pantev, Plamen I. (19 September 2005). "Macedonian Reform Perspectives". The Evolution of Civil-Military Relations in South East Europe: Continuing Democratic Reform and Adapting to the Needs of Fighting Terrorism. Springer. p. 170. ISBN 978-3-7908-1572-6.
  11. ^ Atanasov, Petar (2005). "Macedonian Reform Perspectives". In Fluri, Philipp H.; Gustenau, Gustav E.; Pantev, Plamen I. (eds.). The Evolution of Civil–Military Relations in South East Europe: Continuing Democratic Reform and Adapting to the Needs of Fighting Terrorism. Springer Science+Business Media. p. 170. ISBN 978-3-7908-1572-6.
  12. ^ "Key political Parties in Macedonia". Balkan Insight. 27 September 2012.
  13. ^ "Вмро – Дпмне". Vmro-dpmne.org.mk. Retrieved 30 April 2014.
  14. ^ Eben Friedman (2004). "Party System, Electoral Systems and Minority Representation in the Republic of Macedonia from 1990 to 2002". European Yearbook of Minority Issues: 2002-2003. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. pp. 231, 234–236. ISBN 9789004138391.
  15. ^ ""Победи Македонија со организирањето на уште едни фер и демократски избори"". MKD.MK (in Macedonian). Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 6 May 2013.
  16. ^ Stefan Troebst (1997). "An Ethnic War That Did Not Take Place: Macedonia, Its Minorities and Its Neighbours in the 1990s". In David Turton (ed.). War and Ethnicity: Global Connections and Local Violence. University of Rochester Press. p. 78. ISBN 9781878822826.
  17. ^ Dimitar Bechev (2019). Historical Dictionary of North Macedonia (2nd ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 124–125, 149–151. ISBN 9781538119624.
  18. ^ Arianna Piacentini (2019). "Make Macedonia Great Again! The New Face of Skopje and the Macedonians' identity dilemma". In Evinç Doğan (ed.). Reinventing Eastern Europe: Imaginaries, Identities and Transformations. London: Transnational Press. p. 87. ISBN 978-1910781876.
  19. ^ Tom Lansford, ed. (2019). Political Handbook of the World 2018-2019. CQ Press. p. 968. ISBN 978-1544327136.
  20. ^
  21. ^ Irena Rajcinovska Pandeva (2021). "North Macedonia: The Name in Exchange for European Union Membership?". In Michael Kaeding; Johannes Pollak; Paul Schmidt (eds.). Euroscepticism and the Future of Europe. Springer Nature. p. 107. ISBN 9783030412722.