Valin v Langlois | |
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![]() Valin v Langlois concerned a disputed election to the Parliament of Canada in 1878 | |
Court | Supreme Court of Canada |
Full case name | Controverted Election of the County of Montmorency: P.V. Valin and Jean Langlois |
Decided | October 28, 1879 |
Citations | (1879), 3 SCR 1 |
Case history | |
Appealed from | Langlois v Valin (Montmorency Case) (1879), 5 QLR 1 (Que. SC) |
Appealed to | Judicial Committee of the Privy Council |
Subsequent actions | Judicial Committee dismissed application for leave to appeal; Superior Court declared seat declared vacant |
Court membership | |
Judges sitting | Ritchie C.J. Fournier Henry Taschereau Gwynne |
Keywords | |
Constitutional law; federal election law; superior court jurisdiction |
Valin v Langlois | |
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![]() The Judicial Committee declined leave to appeal from the Supreme Court of Canada | |
Court | Judicial Committee of the Privy Council |
Full case name | Pierre Vincent Valin v Jean Langlois |
Decided | December 13, 1879 |
Citation | (1879-80) 5 App. Cas. 115, [1879] UKPC 68 (PC) |
Case history | |
Appealed from | Valin v Langlois (1879), 3 SCR 1 ![]() |
Subsequent action | Seat declared vacant by the Superior Court |
Court membership | |
Judges sitting | Lord Selborne Sir James W. Colville Sir Barnes Peacock Sir Montague E. Smith Sir Robert P. Collier |
Case opinions | |
Leave to appeal denied | |
Decision by | Lord Selbourne |
Keywords | |
Constitutional law; federal elections; jurisdiction of superior courts |
Valin v Langlois is a Canadian constitutional law decision from the Supreme Court of Canada, concerning the jurisdiction of the federal Parliament over federal elections, as well as the constitutional jurisdiction of the provincial superior courts. The Court held that the Parliament of Canada has sole jurisdiction to enact laws regulating federal elections, including provisions for controverted elections. The Court also held that the provincial superior courts have general jurisdiction over questions of federal and provincial law, and that Parliament could give provincial courts jurisdiction to apply federal laws.
The case arose from a controverted federal election in 1878, in the Quebec riding of Montmorency. Pierre-Vincent Valin was declared the successful candidate, but his election was challenged by his opponent, Jean Langlois, in the Superior Court of Quebec under the Dominion Controverted Elections Act, 1874.
On appeal, the Supreme Court of Canada upheld the constitutionality of the law. Valin then tried to appeal to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, at that time the court of last resort for Canada within the British Empire. The Judicial Committee denied leave to appeal, leaving the Supreme Court decision as the governing statement of the law.
The Supreme Court of Canada continues to cite its decision in Valin v Langlois as the foundational case with respect to the jurisdiction of provincial superior courts, as well as with regard to Parliament's jurisdiction over federal elections. It is also cited for this purpose in texts on Canadian constitutional law.