Vanadium(IV) oxide

Not to be confused with VO2 max.
Vanadium(IV) oxide
Names
IUPAC name
Vanadium(IV) oxide
Other names
Vanadium dioxide
Divanadium tetroxide
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.031.661 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 234-841-1
873472
  • InChI=1S/2O.V
    Key: GRUMUEUJTSXQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • O=[V]=O
Properties
VO2
Molar mass 82.94 g/mol
Appearance Blue-black powder
Density 4.571 g/cm3 (monoclinic)
4.653 g/cm3 (tetragonal)
Melting point 1,967 °C (2,240 K)[1]
+99.0·10−6 cm3/mol[2]
Structure
Distorted rutile (<70 °C (343 K), monoclinic)
Rutile (>70 °C (343 K), tetragonal)
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
 toxic
GHS labelling:[3]
GHS07: Exclamation mark
Warning
H315, H319
P264, P280, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 3: Short exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury. E.g. chlorine gasFlammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. waterInstability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogenSpecial hazards (white): no code
3
0
0
Flash point Non-flammable
Related compounds
Other anions
 Vanadium disulfide
Vanadium diselenide
Vanadium ditelluride
Other cations
 Niobium(IV) oxide
Tantalum(IV) oxide
Vanadium(II) oxide
Vanadium(III) oxide
Vanadium(V) oxide
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
checkY verify (what is checkY☒N ?)

Vanadium(IV) oxide or vanadium dioxide is an inorganic compound with the formula VO2. It is a dark blue solid. Vanadium(IV) dioxide is amphoteric, dissolving in non-oxidising acids to give the blue vanadyl ion, [VO]2+ and in alkali to give the brown [V4O9]2− ion, or at high pH [VO4]4−.[4] VO2 has a phase transition very close to room temperature (~68 °C (341 K)).[5] Electrical resistivity, opacity, etc, can change up several orders. Owing to these properties, it has been used in surface coating,[6] sensors,[7] and imaging.[8] Potential applications include use in memory devices,[9][10] phase-change switches,[11] passive radiative cooling applications, such as smart windows and roofs, that cool or warm depending on temperature,[12][13][14] aerospace communication systems and neuromorphic computing.[15] It occurs in nature, as the mineral, Paramontroseite.

  1. ^ Haynes, p. 4.98
  2. ^ Haynes, p. 4.136
  3. ^ "Vanadium dioxide". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
  4. ^ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1984). Chemistry of the Elements. Oxford: Pergamon Press. pp. 1144–45. ISBN 978-0-08-022057-4.
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference Morin1959 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ Li, Yamei; Ji, Shidong; Gao, Yanfeng; Luo, Hongjie; Kanehira, Minoru (2013-04-02). "Core-shell VO2@TiO2 nanorods that combine thermochromic and photocatalytic properties for application as energy-saving smart coatings". Scientific Reports. 3: 1370. Bibcode:2013NatSR...3E1370L. doi:10.1038/srep01370. PMC 3613806. PMID 23546301.
  7. ^ Hu, Bin; Ding, Yong; Chen, Wen; Kulkarni, Dhaval; Shen, Yue; Tsukruk, Vladimir V.; Wang, Zhong Lin (2010-12-01). "External-Strain Induced Insulating Phase Transition in VO2 Nanobeam and Its Application as Flexible Strain Sensor". Advanced Materials. 22 (45): 5134–5139. Bibcode:2010AdM....22.5134H. doi:10.1002/adma.201002868. PMID 20842663. S2CID 205238368.
  8. ^ Gurvitch, M.; Luryi, S.; Polyakov, A.; Shabalov, A. (2009-11-15). "Nonhysteretic behavior inside the hysteresis loop of VO2 and its possible application in infrared imaging". Journal of Applied Physics. 106 (10): 104504–104504–15. Bibcode:2009JAP...106j4504G. doi:10.1063/1.3243286. S2CID 7107273.
  9. ^ Xie, Rongguo; Bui, Cong Tinh; Varghese, Binni; Zhang, Qingxin; Sow, Chorng Haur; Li, Baowen; Thong, John T. L. (2011-05-10). "An Electrically Tuned Solid-State Thermal Memory Based on Metal–Insulator Transition of Single-Crystalline VO2 Nanobeams". Advanced Functional Materials. 21 (9): 1602–1607. doi:10.1002/adfm.201002436. S2CID 95830675.
  10. ^ Cite error: The named reference :1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  11. ^ "Phase-Change Materials and Switches for Enabling Beyond-CMOS Energy Efficient Applications". Phase-Change Switch Project. Retrieved 2018-05-05.
  12. ^ Miller, Brittney J. (8 June 2022). "How smart windows save energy". Knowable Magazine. doi:10.1146/knowable-060822-3. Retrieved 15 July 2022.
  13. ^ Tang, Kechao; Dong, Kaichen; Li, Jiachen; Gordon, Madeleine P.; Reichertz, Finnegan G.; Kim, Hyungjin; Rho, Yoonsoo; Wang, Qingjun; Lin, Chang-Yu; Grigoropoulos, Costas P.; Javey, Ali; Urban, Jeffrey J.; Yao, Jie; Levinson, Ronnen; Wu, Junqiao (17 December 2021). "Temperature-adaptive radiative coating for all-season household thermal regulation". Science. 374 (6574): 1504–1509. Bibcode:2021Sci...374.1504T. doi:10.1126/science.abf7136. OSTI 1875448. PMID 34914515. S2CID 245263196.
  14. ^ Wang, Shancheng; Jiang, Tengyao; Meng, Yun; Yang, Ronggui; Tan, Gang; Long, Yi (17 December 2021). "Scalable thermochromic smart windows with passive radiative cooling regulation". Science. 374 (6574): 1501–1504. Bibcode:2021Sci...374.1501W. doi:10.1126/science.abg0291. PMID 34914526. S2CID 245262692.
  15. ^ Barraud, Emmanuel (2018-02-05). "A revolutionary material for aerospace and neuromorphic computing". EPFL News. Retrieved 2018-05-05.