| Vascular dementia | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Dementia due to cerebrovascular disease;[1] Vascular cognitive impairment[2] |
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| Brain atrophy from vascular dementia | |
| Specialty | Psychiatry, neurology  |
| Symptoms | Cognitive impairment, short-term memory loss[3] |
| Complications | Heart disease, loss of ability to care for self and interact, pneumonia[4] |
| Causes | Conditions that impair blood vessels in the brain and therefore interfere with oxygen delivery to the brain[3] |
| Risk factors | High blood pressure, high cholesterol, atrial fibrillation, diabetes[3] |
| Diagnostic method | Lab test, neuroimaging test, neuropsychological testing[5] |
| Differential diagnosis | Alzheimer’s disease[5] |
| Treatment | Symptomatic[3][4] |
| Frequency | 15-30% of dementia cases in the United States, Europe, and Asia[5][6] |
Vascular dementia is dementia caused by a series of strokes.[2][4] Restricted blood flow due to strokes reduces oxygen and glucose delivery to the brain, causing cell injury and neurological deficits in the affected region.[6] Subtypes of vascular dementia include subcortical vascular dementia, multi-infarct dementia, stroke-related dementia, and mixed dementia.[2][5]
Subcortical vascular dementia occurs from damage to small blood vessels in the brain. Multi-infarct dementia results from a series of small strokes affecting several brain regions. Stroke-related dementia involving successive small strokes causes a more gradual decline in cognition.[4] Dementia may occur when neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular pathologies are mixed, as in susceptible elderly people (75 years and older).[2][5] Cognitive decline can be traced back to occurrence of successive strokes.[4]
ICD-11 lists vascular dementia as dementia due to cerebrovascular disease.[1] DSM-5 lists vascular dementia as either major or mild vascular neurocognitive disorder.[7]
- ^ a b "ICD-11: Dementia due to cerebrovascular disease". World Health Organization. 2024. Retrieved 10 April 2024.
- ^ a b c d Iadecola C, Duering M, Hachinski V, Joutel A, Pendlebury ST, Schneider JA, et al. (July 2019). "Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 73 (25): 3326–3344. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2019.04.034. PMC 6719789. PMID 31248555.
- ^ a b c d "Vascular dementia". National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, US National Institutes of Health. 28 September 2022. Retrieved 10 April 2024.
- ^ a b c d e "Vascular dementia". MedlinePlus, US National Library of Medicine.
- ^ a b c d e Sanders AE, Schoo C, Kalish VB (22 October 2023). "Vascular dementia". StatPearls, US National Library of Medicine. PMID 28613567. Retrieved 9 April 2024.
- ^ a b Wong CE, Chui CH (June 2022). "Vascular cognitive impairment and dementia". Continuum. 28 (3): 750–780. doi:10.1212/CON.0000000000001124. PMC 9833847. PMID 35678401.
- ^ American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5 (5th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. pp. 591–603. ISBN 978-0-89042-554-1.