Verdigris

This article is about copper(II) acetate, used as a pigment. For other uses, see Verdigris (disambiguation).
Verdigris
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#43B3AE
sRGBB (r, g, b)(67, 179, 174)
HSV (h, s, v)(177°, 63%, 70%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(67, 45, 187°)
Source[1]
ISCC–NBS descriptorBrilliant bluish green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
The Statue of Liberty, showing advanced patination; verdigris is responsible for the statue's iconic green colour.

Verdigris (/ˈvɜːrdɪɡriː(s)/)[1] is a common name for any of a variety of somewhat poisonous[2][3][4][5] copper salts of acetic acid, which range in colour from green to a bluish-green depending on their chemical composition.[6]: 132  Once used as a medicine[7][8] and pharmaceutical preparation,[9]: 176 [10] verdigris occurs naturally, creating a patina on copper, bronze, and brass, and is the main component of a historic green pigment used for artistic purposes from antiquity until the late 20th century, including in easel painting, polychromatic sculptures, and illumination of maps.[10]: 414–423 [11] However, due to its instability, its popularity declined as other green pigments became readily available.[9]: 171  The instability of its appearance stems from its hydration level and basicity, which change as the pigment interacts with other materials over time.[12]: 637 

  1. ^ "Its pronunciation in English is still unsettled" (Fowler's Dictionary of Modern English Usage (4 ed.) edited by: Jeremy Butterfield). The pronunciation /-ɡriːs/ is the first one given by Merriam-Webster's dictionary, but /-ɡriː/ is first in the Oxford Dictionary of English (3 ed.) (2015).
  2. ^ "verdigris". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster.
  3. ^ Karmakar, Rabindra N. (2015). Forensic medicine and toxicology: theory, oral & practical. Academic Publishers.
  4. ^ Anant, Jagdish Kumar, S. R. Inchulkar, and Sangeeta Bhagat (2018). "An overview of copper toxicity relevance to public health." EJPMR 5, no. 11 : 236.
  5. ^ "Poisoning by Verdigris". The Lancet. 39 (1013): 663–664. January 1843. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)76992-4. ISSN 0140-6736.
  6. ^ H. Kühn, Verdigris and Copper Resinate, in Artists' Pigments. A Handbook of Their History and Characteristics, Vol. 2: A. Roy (Ed.) Oxford University Press 1993, p. 131 – 158
  7. ^ "Medical Uses of Copper in Antiquity". Copper Development Association. Retrieved 8 June 2014.
  8. ^ Paris, John Ayrton (1831). Pharmacologia. New York: W. E. Dean. The rust of the spear of Telephus, mentioned in Homer as a cure for the wounds which that weapon inflicted, was probably Verdegris, and led to the discovery of its use as a surgical application
  9. ^ a b Benhamou, Reed (1984). "Verdigris and the Entrepreneuse". Technology and Culture. 25 (2): 171–181. doi:10.2307/3104711. ISSN 0040-165X. JSTOR 3104711. S2CID 112614238.
  10. ^ a b De la Roja, José Manuel; San Andrés, Margarita; Cubino, Natalia Sancho; Santos-Gómez, Sonia (2007). "Variations in the colorimetric characteristics of verdigris pictorial films depending on the process used to produce the pigment and the type of binding agent used in applying it". Color Research & Application. 32 (5): 414. doi:10.1002/col.20311. ISSN 0361-2317.
  11. ^ Verdigris, ColourLex
  12. ^ Cite error: The named reference Santoro-2014 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).