The Brachyceran family Vermileonidae (the sole family in the infraorder Vermileonomorpha) is a small family of uncertain affinities and unusual biology. It includes fewer than 80 described species, most of them rare and with restricted distribution, in 11 genera. Historically the vermileonids had been regarded as belonging to the family Rhagionidae,[13] possibly in a subfamily Vermileoninae. Their biology and morphology are so markedly distinct from the main Rhagionidae sensu stricto however, that the placement as a separate family has been widely accepted.[14]
^Stuckenberg, B.R. (2000). "Namamyia, a new genus of Vermileonidae (Diptera) from Namaqualand, with a conspectus of the Southern African genera and an account of their adaptations for anthophily". Annals of the Natal Museum. 41: 181–202.
^Hennig, W. (1967). "Die sogenannten "niederen Brachycera" im Baltischen Bernstein (Diptera: Fam. Xylophagidae, Xylomyidae, Rhagionidae,Tabanidae)". Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde. 174: 51.
^Macquart, P. J. M. (1834). Histoire naturelle des insectes. Dipteres. Tome premiere. Paris: Roret. pp. 578 + 8 pp., 12 pls.