Vertical transmission

Vertical transmission of symbionts is the transfer of a microbial symbiont from the parent directly to the offspring.[1]  Many metazoan species carry symbiotic bacteria which play a mutualistic, commensal, or parasitic role.[1]  A symbiont is acquired by a host via horizontal, vertical, or mixed transmission.[2]

  1. ^ a b Bright M, Bulgheresi S (March 2010). "A complex journey: transmission of microbial symbionts". Nature Reviews. Microbiology. 8 (3): 218–230. doi:10.1038/nrmicro2262. PMC 2967712. PMID 20157340.
  2. ^ Koga R, Bennett GM, Cryan JR, Moran NA (July 2013). "Evolutionary replacement of obligate symbionts in an ancient and diverse insect lineage". Environmental Microbiology. 15 (7): 2073–2081. Bibcode:2013EnvMi..15.2073K. doi:10.1111/1462-2920.12121. PMID 23574391.