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| Vindobona | |
|---|---|
| Vienna in Austria | |
 The excavated ruins of Vindobona on the Michaelerplatz | |
 Map of the Roman castrum of Vindobona in 250–300 | |
  Vindobona  Vindobona | |
| Coordinates | 48°12′39″N 16°22′13″E / 48.21083°N 16.37028°E |
| Type | Roman fortification |
| Site history | |
| Built | c. 100 |
| In use | 103–433[1] |
| Fate | Abandoned to the Huns |
| Garrison information | |
| Garrison | X Gemina |
Vindobona (Latin pronunciation: [wɪnˈdɔbɔna]; from Gaulish windo- "white" and bona "base/bottom") was a Roman military camp (or castra) in the province of Pannonia, located on the site of the modern city of Vienna in Austria. The settlement area took on a new name in the 13th century, being changed to Berghof, or now simply known as Alter Berghof (the Old Berghof).[2]
Around 1 CE, the kingdom of Noricum was included in the Roman Empire. Henceforth, the Danube marked the border of the empire, and the Romans built fortifications and settlements on the banks of the Danube, including Vindobona with an estimated population of 15,000 to 20,000.[3][4]
- ^ Humphreys, Rob (1997). Vienna: The Rough Guide. Pensylvannia State University Press. p. 313. ISBN 978-1-85828-244-2.
- ^ The Older Berghof in Vienna Archived 2017-09-18 at the Wayback Machine (German). Today, the site is more commonly associated with Hoher Markt and Wiener Neustädter Hof, a building in today's Sterngasse 3. Berghof was the name of the mansion, which had evolved from the initial settlement with the walls of the Roman baths. It was originally the only building in Vienna to be built by a certain pagan, presumably an Avaricum dignitary, eventually becoming a fortified town. The place is mentioned in Jans Enikel's "Fürstenbuch" (around 1270) (vide: Jeff Bernhard / Dieter Bietak: The Wiener Neustädter Hof alias Berghof - a probe into the Year Zero, Frankfurt am Main/Berlin/Bern 1997, p. 247).
- ^ Bowman, Alan; Wilson, Andrew (2011-12-22). Settlement, Urbanization, and Population. OUP Oxford. ISBN 9780199602353.
- ^ Ziak, Karl (1964). "Unvergängliches Wien: Ein Gang durch die Geschichte von der Urzeit bis zur Gegenwart".