Viral synapse

Viral synapse (or virological synapse) is a molecularly organized cellular junction that is similar in some aspects to immunological synapses.[1] Many viruses including herpes simplex virus (HSV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) have been shown to instigate the formation of these junctions between the infected ("donor") and uninfected ("target") cell to allow cell-to-cell transmission.[2][3][4] As viral synapses allow the virus to spread directly from cell to cell, they also provide a means by which the virus can escape neutralising antibody.

  1. ^ Igakura, T., J. C. Stinchcombe, P. K. C. Goon, G. P. Taylor, J. N. Weber, G. M. Griffiths, Y. Tanaka, M. Osame, and C. R. M. Bangham (2003). "Spread of HTLV-I between lymphocytes by virus-induced polarization of the cytoskeleton". Science. 299 (5613): 1713–1716. Bibcode:2003Sci...299.1713I. doi:10.1126/science.1080115. PMID 12589003. S2CID 24067132.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. ^ Vasiliver-Shamis G, Tuen M, Wu TW, Starr T, Cameron TO, Thomson R, Kaur G, Liu J, Visciano ML, Li H, Kumar R, Ansari R, Han DP, Cho MW, Dustin ML, Hioe CE (2008). "Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope gp120 induces a stop signal and virological synapse formation in noninfected CD4+ T cells". J. Virol. 82 (19): 9445–57. doi:10.1128/JVI.00835-08. PMC 2546991. PMID 18632854.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. ^ "Formation of a virological synapse". Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  4. ^ Fernando Abaitua, F. Rabiya Zia, Michael Hollinshead and Peter O'Hare (2013). "Polarized Cell Migration during Cell-to-Cell Transmission of Herpes Simplex Virus in Human Skin Keratinocytes". J. Virol. 87 (14): 7921–7932. doi:10.1128/JVI.01172-13. PMC 3700176. PMID 23658449.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)