 | This article needs more reliable medical references for verification or relies too heavily on primary sources. (February 2023) |  |
| Avian orthoavulavirus 1 | |
|---|---|
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| Avian orthoavulavirus 1 (stained in brown) in the conjunctiva of a chicken | |
Virus classification 
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| (unranked): | Virus |
| Realm: | Riboviria |
| Kingdom: | Orthornavirae |
| Phylum: | Negarnaviricota |
| Class: | Monjiviricetes |
| Order: | Mononegavirales |
| Family: | Paramyxoviridae |
| Genus: | Orthoavulavirus |
| Species: | Avian orthoavulavirus 1
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Virulent Newcastle disease (VND), formerly exotic Newcastle disease,[1] is a contagious viral avian disease affecting many domestic and wild bird species; it is transmissible to humans.[2] Though it can infect humans, most cases are non-symptomatic; rarely it can cause a mild fever and influenza-like symptoms and/or conjunctivitis in humans. Its effects are most notable in domestic poultry due to their high susceptibility and the potential for severe impacts of an epizootic on the poultry industries. It is endemic to many countries. No treatment for VND is known, but the use of prophylactic vaccines[3] and sanitary measures reduces the likelihood of outbreaks.
The disease is caused by Newcastle disease virus (NDV), an avulavirus. Strains of Newcastle disease virus have been used to treat cancer in humans, since the virus appears to preferentially infect and kill cancerous cells. Strains of Newcastle disease virus have also been used to create viral vector vaccine candidates against Ebola and Covid-19.[4][5]
- ^ "Virulent Newcastle Disease (vND)". United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 6 April 2019.
- ^ Nelson CB, Pomeroy, BS, Schrall, K, Park, WE, Lindeman, RJ (Jun 1952). "An outbreak of conjunctivitis due to Newcastle disease virus (NDV) occurring in poultry workers". American Journal of Public Health and the Nation's Health. 42 (6): 672–8. doi:10.2105/ajph.42.6.672. PMC 1526237. PMID 14924001.
- ^ FAO Manual on Vaccines
- ^ Kim SH, Samal SK (4 July 2016). "Newcastle Disease Virus as a Vaccine Vector for Development of Human and Veterinary Vaccines". Viruses. 8 (7): 183. doi:10.3390/v8070183. PMC 4974518. PMID 27384578.
- ^ Zimmer C (2021-04-05). "Researchers Are Hatching a Low-Cost Coronavirus Vaccine". The New York Times.