Vladivostok

Vladivostok
Владивосток
City[1]
View of Zolotoy Bridge and the Golden Horn Bay
GUM Department Store
Arseniev State Museum of Primorsky Region
The campus of Far Eastern Federal University
Vladivostok Railway Station
View of Vladivostok and the Pacific Ocean
Top-down, left-to-right: View of Zolotoy Bridge and the Golden Horn Bay, with the Russky Bridge in the distance; GUM Department Store; Vladimir K. Arseniev Museum of Far East History; the campus of Far Eastern Federal University; Vladivostok Railway Station; and View of Vladivostok from the Pacific Ocean
Flag of Vladivostok
Flag
Coat of arms of Vladivostok
Coat of arms
Location of Vladivostok
Map
Vladivostok is located in Primorsky Krai
Vladivostok
Vladivostok
Location of Vladivostok
Vladivostok is located in Russia
Vladivostok
Vladivostok
Vladivostok (Russia)
Vladivostok is located in Asia
Vladivostok
Vladivostok
Vladivostok (Asia)
Coordinates: 43°6′54″N 131°53′7″E / 43.11500°N 131.88528°E / 43.11500; 131.88528
CountryRussia
Federal subjectPrimorsky Krai[1]
FoundedJuly 2, 1860[2]
City status sinceApril 22, 1880
Government
 • BodyCity Duma
 • HeadKonstantin Shestakov[3]
Area
[4]
 • Total
331.16 km2 (127.86 sq mi)
Elevation
[5]
8 m (26 ft)
Population
 • Estimate 
(2018)[6]
604,901
 • Subordinated toVladivostok City Under Krai Jurisdiction[1]
 • Capital ofPrimorsky Krai,[7] Vladivostok City Under Krai Jurisdiction[1]
 • Urban okrugVladivostoksky Urban Okrug[8]
 • Capital ofVladivostoksky Urban Okrug[8]
Time zoneUTC+10 (MSK+7 Edit this on Wikidata[9])
Postal code(s)[10]
690xxx
Dialing code(s)+7 423[11]
OKTMO ID05701000001
City DayFirst Sunday of July
Websitewww.vlc.ru

Vladivostok (/ˌvlædɪˈvɒstɒk/ VLAD-iv-OST-ok; Russian: Владивосток, IPA: [vlədʲɪvɐˈstok] ⓘ) is the largest city and the administrative center of Primorsky Krai and the capital of the Far Eastern Federal District of Russia. It is located around the Golden Horn Bay on the Sea of Japan, covering an area of 331.16 square kilometers (127.86 square miles), with a population of 603,519 residents as of 2021.[12] Vladivostok is the second-largest city in the Far Eastern Federal District, as well as the Russian Far East, after Khabarovsk. It is located approximately 45 kilometers (28 mi) from the China–Russia border and 134 kilometers (83 mi) from the North Korea–Russia border.

Shortly after the signing of the Treaty of Aigun between Qing China and the Russian Empire and affirmed by the Convention of Peking – from which it is also known as the Amur Annexation – the city was founded as a Russian military outpost on July 2, 1860.[13] In 1872, the main Russian naval base on the Pacific Ocean was transferred to the city, stimulating its growth. In 1914 the city experienced rapid growth economically and ethnically diverse with population exceeding over 100,000 inhabitants with slightly less than half of the population being Russians.[14] During this time, large Asian communities developed in the city. The public life of the city flourished; many public associations were created, from charities to hobby groups.[15] After the outbreak of the Russian Revolution in 1917, Vladivostok was occupied in 1918 by White Russian and Allied forces, the last of whom, from the Japanese Empire, were not withdrawn until 1922 as part of its wider intervention in Siberia; by that time the antirevolutionary White Army forces had collapsed. That same year, the Red Army occupied the city, absorbing the Far Eastern Republic into the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the city became a part of the Russian Federation.

Today, Vladivostok remains the largest Russian port on the Pacific Ocean, and the chief cultural, economic, scientific, and tourism hub of the Russian Far East. As the terminus of the Trans-Siberian Railway, the city was visited by over three million tourists in 2017.[16] The city is the administrative center of the Far Eastern Federal District, and is the home to the headquarters of the Pacific Fleet of the Russian Navy. Due to its geographical position in Asia combined with its Russian architecture, the city has been referred to as "Europe in the Far East".[17][18] Many foreign consulates and businesses have offices in Vladivostok, and the city hosts the annual Eastern Economic Forum. With a yearly mean temperature of around 5 °C (41 °F), Vladivostok has a cold climate for its mid-latitude coastal setting. This is due to winds from the vast Eurasian landmass in winter and the cooling ocean temperatures.

  1. ^ a b c d Cite error: The named reference Ref130 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ Энциклопедия Города России. Moscow: Большая Российская Энциклопедия. 2003. p. 72. ISBN 5-7107-7399-9.
  3. ^ "Konstantin Shestakov is the new mayor of Vladivostok". vestiprim.com. August 5, 2021. Archived from the original on September 15, 2022. Retrieved June 30, 2022.
  4. ^ "Генеральный план Владивостока". Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
  5. ^ https://it-ch.topographic-map.com/map-fjm14s/Vladivostok/?zoom=18&center=43.11532%2C131.88304&popup=43.11557%2C131.88321. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  6. ^ "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
  7. ^ "Правительство Приморского края". Официальный сайт Правительства Приморского края. Archived from the original on November 11, 2021. Retrieved July 28, 2020.
  8. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Ref862 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
  10. ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
  11. ^ Ростелеком завершил перевод Владивостока на семизначную нумерацию телефонов (in Russian). July 12, 2011. Archived from the original on November 27, 2016. Retrieved November 26, 2016.
  12. ^ "Оценка численности постоянного населения по субъектам Российской Федерации". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved September 1, 2022.
  13. ^ Paine, SCM (2003). The Sino-Japanese War of 1894–1895: perceptions, power, and primacy. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-81714-1.[permanent dead link‍]
  14. ^ Cite error: The named reference history2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  15. ^ "Вольная гавань: общественная жизнь дореволюционного Владивостока". CyberLeninka. 2015. Archived from the original on November 4, 2022. Retrieved September 15, 2020.
  16. ^ Екатерина Века (February 7, 2018). "Владивосток вошёл в топ-5 самых популярных у туристов городов России". Администрация Приморского края. Archived from the original on March 31, 2018. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
  17. ^ Alexander Jacoby (July 5, 2005). "Eastern Europe in the Far East". The Japan Times. Archived from the original on September 29, 2022. Retrieved October 11, 2020.
  18. ^ Alex Nosal. "Vladivostok, Europe in Middle of The Orient". The Seoul Times. Archived from the original on October 17, 2020. Retrieved October 11, 2020.