Volcanic and igneous plumbing systems (VIPS) consist of interconnected magma channels and chambers through which magma flows and is stored within Earth's crust.[1] Volcanic plumbing systems can be found in all active tectonic settings, such as mid-oceanic ridges, subduction zones, and mantle plumes, when magmas generated in continental lithosphere, oceanic lithosphere, and in the sub-lithospheric mantle are transported. Magma is first generated by partial melting, followed by segregation and extraction from the source rock to separate the melt from the solid.[1] As magma propagates upwards, a self-organised network of magma channels develops, transporting the melt from lower crust to upper regions.[1] Channelled ascent mechanisms include the formation of dykes[3] and ductile fractures that transport the melt in conduits.[4] For bulk transportation, diapirs carry a large volume of melt and ascent through the crust.[5] When magma stops ascending, or when magma supply stops, magma emplacement occurs.[2] Different mechanisms of emplacement result in different structures, including plutons, sills, laccoliths and lopoliths.[4]
:4
was invoked but never defined (see the help page).ch2
was invoked but never defined (see the help page).:2
was invoked but never defined (see the help page).