Vyborg

This article is about the Russian city near the Finnish border. For other uses, see Vyborg (disambiguation).
"Viipuri" redirects here. For other uses, see Viipuri (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with Viborg.

Vyborg
Выборг
Town[1]
Other transcription(s)
 • Finnish / SwedishViipuri / Viborg
Flag of Vyborg
Flag
Coat of arms of Vyborg
Coat of arms
Location of Vyborg
Map
Vyborg is located in Leningrad Oblast
Vyborg
Vyborg
Location of Vyborg
Vyborg is located in European Russia
Vyborg
Vyborg
Vyborg (European Russia)
Vyborg is located in Baltic Sea
Vyborg
Vyborg
Vyborg (Baltic Sea)
Vyborg is located in Europe
Vyborg
Vyborg
Vyborg (Europe)
Coordinates: 60°43′N 28°46′E / 60.717°N 28.767°E / 60.717; 28.767
CountryRussia
Federal subjectLeningrad Oblast[1]
Administrative districtVyborgsky District[1]
Settlement municipal formationVyborgskoye Settlement Municipal Formation[1]
Vyborg Castle constructed1293[2]
Government
 • BodyCouncil of Deputies[3]
 • Head[3]Gennady Orlov[4]
Elevation
3 m (10 ft)
Population
 (2010 Census)[5]
 • Total
79,962
 • Rank208th in 2010
 • Capital ofVyborgsky District,[1] Vyborgskoye Settlement Municipal Formation[1]
 • Municipal districtVyborgsky Municipal District[6]
 • Urban settlementVyborgskoye Urban Settlement[6]
 • Capital ofVyborgsky Municipal District,[6] Vyborgskoye Urban Settlement[6]
Time zoneUTC+3 (MSK Edit this on Wikidata[7])
Postal code(s)[8]
188800–188802, 188804, 188805, 188807–188811, 188819, 188899
Dialing code(s)+7 81378[9]
OKTMO ID41615101001
Websitewww.city.vbg.ru

Vyborg (/ˈviːbɔːrɡ/; Russian: Выборг, IPA: [ˈvɨbərk];[10] Finnish: Viipuri, IPA: [ˈʋiːpuri];[11] Swedish: Viborg, IPA: [ˈvǐːbɔrj] ⓘ) is a town and the administrative center of Vyborgsky District in Leningrad Oblast, Russia. It lies on the Karelian Isthmus near the head of Vyborg Bay, 130 km (81 miles) northwest of St. Petersburg, 245 km (152 miles) east of the Finnish capital Helsinki, and 38 km (24 miles) south of Russia's border with Finland, where the Saimaa Canal enters the Gulf of Finland. The most recent census population of Vyborg is 72,530 (2021 Census).[12]

Vyborg was founded as a medieval fortress in Finland under Swedish rule during the Third Swedish Crusade. After numerous wars between the Russians and Swedes, the Treaty of Nöteborg in 1323 defined the border of eastern Finland, and would separate the two cultures.[13] Vyborg remained under Swedish rule until it was captured by the Russians during the Great Northern War. Under Russian rule, Vyborg was the seat of Vyborg Governorate until it was incorporated into the newly established Grand Duchy of Finland, an autonomous part of the Russian Empire. Finland declared its independence from Russia in 1917, after which Vyborg became its second-most significant city after Helsinki,[14] and represented internationally as its most multicultural city.[15][16][17] During World War II, Vyborg's population was evacuated and the town was ceded to the Soviet Union.[13] In 2010, Vyborg was conferred the status of "City of Military Glory" by Russian president Dmitry Medvedev.[18]

The city hosts the Russian end of the 1,222 km (759 mi) Nord Stream 1 gas pipeline, laid in 2011 and operated by a consortium led by Russia's Gazprom state hydrocarbons enterprise to pump 55 billion cubic meters (1.9 trillion cubic feet) of natural gas a year under the Baltic Sea to Lubmin, Germany.[19]

  1. ^ a b c d e f Cite error: The named reference LeningradO_adm was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ Aspects of multilingualism in European language history. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins Pub. 9 March 2024. p. 89. ISBN 9789027219220.
  3. ^ a b Charter of Vyborgskoye Urban Settlement, Article 1
  4. ^ Official website of Vyborgskoye Urban Settlement. Head of the Municipal Formation Archived 2 January 2014 at the Wayback Machine, Gennady Vasilyevich Orlov (in Russian)
  5. ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
  6. ^ a b c d Cite error: The named reference LeningradOVyborgskyD_mun was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). 3 June 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2019.
  8. ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
  9. ^ Ленинградская область (in Russian). ruspostindex.ru. Retrieved 20 March 2014.
  10. ^ "Vyborg: Meaning and Definition of | Infoplease".
  11. ^ Wuorinen, John H. (1948), ed., Finland and World War II, 1939-1944, New York: Roland Press, p. 172.
  12. ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service. Всероссийская перепись населения 2020 года. Том 1 [2020 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1] (XLS) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
  13. ^ a b Life & Society: Tracing Finland's Eastern Border – This Is Finland
  14. ^ Chloe Wells: "Vyborg is ours": remembering a 'lost town' in Finland. Paper presented at the European Association for Urban History 13th International Conference, Helsinki, Finland August 24–27, 2016.
  15. ^ Owen Hatherley: "Vyborg looks like Helsinki might after a long, drawn-out war" — Dezeen
  16. ^ Göran Lindgren: Viipuri sodan jaloissa, p. 6. Helsingin Reservin Sanomat, no. 2/2013, March 12, 2013. (in Finnish)
  17. ^ Pimeä historia: Verinen Viipuri – historioitsija Teemu Keskisarja jäljittää kohtalonhetkiä — YLE (in Finnish)
  18. ^ HS: Venäjän presidentti nimitti Viipurin "Sotilaskunnian kaupungiksi" (in Finnish)
  19. ^ Operations - Nord Stream AG, Nord Stream AG official website, Undated. Accessed: 2 October 2022.