W. M. S. Russell

W. M. S. Russell
Born26 March 1925
Plymouth, Devon, England
Died2006
OccupationZoologist

William Moy Stratton Russell (26 March 1925 – 2006), also known as Bill Russell, was a British zoologist and animal welfare worker.[1] He was best known for writing, along with R. L. Burch (1926-1996) The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique (1959),[2] a landmark in the humane use of animals in research, education and testing. Russell and Burch introduced the concept of the Three Rs (replacement, reduction and refinement) in the scientific community and provided a blueprint for combining animal welfare considerations and quality of research.

  1. ^ Balls, Michael (2007). "Professor W.M.S. Russell (1925–2006): Doyen of the Three Rs" (PDF). Alternatives to Animal Testing and Experimentation. 14: 1–7.
  2. ^ Hughes, Michael. "The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique". Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.