華青 | |
 Wah Ching members | |
| Founded | 1968[1] |
|---|---|
| Founding location | Chinatown, San Francisco, United States[1] |
| Years active | 1968–present[2] |
| Territory | San Francisco Bay Area and Greater Los Angeles[1] |
| Ethnicity | Chinese American,[1] Vietnamese American[3] |
| Membership (est.) | 600–700 members and associates[1] |
| Activities | Racketeering, murder, robbery, extortion, drug trafficking, money laundering, prostitution, illegal gambling, loan sharking, fraud, counterfeiting, software piracy[4] |
| Allies | 14K[5] Hop Sing Tong[6] Suey Sing Tong[7] Sun Yee On[3] Tiny Rascal Gang[8] Bloods[9] |
| Rivals | Asian Boyz[10] Bamboo Union[4] Black Dragons[4] Chung Ching Yee[11] Wo Hop To[12] |
Wah Ching (Chinese: 華青; Jyutping: Waa4 Cing1; lit. 'Youth of China') is a Chinese American criminal organization and street gang that was founded in San Francisco, California in 1964. The Wah Ching has been involved in crimes including narcotic sales, racketeering, and gambling.[2]
- ^ a b c d e Report on Asian Organized Crime U.S. Department of Justice (February 1988)
- ^ a b "Life and Violent Death of Tony Young". SCMP. November 17, 2017. Retrieved April 16, 2019.
- ^ a b The New International and Asian Organized Crime
- ^ a b c Gang leaders to plead guilty San Gabriel Valley Tribune (October 12, 2006)
- ^ [https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/125837NCJRS.pdf NCJR Report on Asian Organized Crime, U.S. Senate Homeland Security Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations (December 1992)
- ^ Chinatown gang feud ignited one of SF’s worst mass homicides Greg Kamiya, San Francisco Chronicle (July 8, 2016)
- ^ The Tongs of Chinatown Michael Zelenko, foundsf.org
- ^ Los Angeles Gangs and Hate Crimes Archived 2017-07-30 at the Wayback Machine, Police Law Enforcement Magazine February 29, 2008
- ^ June, Dale L.; Khatibloo, Mohamad; Estevane, Gregorio (2015). The Re-Evolution of American Street Gangs. Taylor & Francis. p. 51. ISBN 9781498766517.
- ^ Reppin' 4 life: The Formation and Racialization of Vietnamese American Youth Gangs in Southern California Kevin D. Lam (1997)
- ^ Twice Burned Matt Isaacs, SF Weekly (June 14, 2000)
- ^ Reputed Asian Gang Chief Takes Fifth Los Angeles Times (November 6, 1991)