| Australia: Water and sanitation | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Data | |
| Water coverage (broad definition) | 100% |
| Sanitation coverage (broad definition) | 90% |
| Continuity of supply (%) | Mostly continuous |
| Average residential water use (l/p/d) | 191 liter/person/day (2007)[1] |
| Average domestic water and sewer bill | A$350/month or US$270/month[2] |
| Share of household metering | n/a |
| Annual investment in WSS | A$2 bn/US$1.74 bn (2007–08) or US$81/capita[3] |
| Share of self-financing by utilities | High |
| Share of tax-financing | Low |
| Share of external financing | None |
| Institutions | |
| Decentralisation to municipalities | In some states (primarily in Queensland and Tasmania) |
| National water and sanitation company | State water and sanitation companies |
| Water and sanitation regulator | No |
| Responsibility for policy setting | Share between states/territories and the Commonwealth (national government) |
| Sector law | No |
| Number of urban service providers | > 33 |
| Number of rural service providers | n/a |
As Australia's supply of freshwater is increasingly vulnerable to droughts, possibly as a result of climate change, there is an emphasis on water conservation and various regions have imposed restrictions on the use of water.
In 2006, Perth became the first Australian city to operate a seawater desalination plant, the Kwinana Desalination Plant, to reduce the city's vulnerability to droughts. A plant at Kurnell has also been built and supplies Sydney metropolitan area with water during droughts and low dam levels. More plants are planned or are under construction in Gold Coast, Melbourne, and Adelaide. The use of reclaimed water is also increasingly common.
However, some desalination plants were put in stand-by modes in 2010 following above average rainfall levels and floods in 2010.
Governments of Australian states and territories, through state-owned companies, are in charge of service provision in Western Australia, South Australia and the Northern Territory, while utilities owned by local governments provide services in parts of Queensland and Tasmania. In Victoria, New South Wales and Southeast Queensland, state-owned utilities provide bulk water which is then distributed by utilities owned by either local or state governments. The Minister for Water is responsible for water policies at the federal level.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
IBNETwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
NWC Urbanwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Launch of the WSAA Report Card for 2007/2008". Water Services Association of Australia website. Water Services Association of Australia. 1 October 2008. Retrieved 11 January 2009.