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December 2
Between the 1890s and 1940s, the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) built a series of battleships as it expanded its fleet. Previously, the Empire of Japan had acquired a few ironclad warships from foreign builders, although it had adopted the Jeune École naval doctrine which emphasized cheap torpedo boats and commerce raiding to offset expensive, heavily armored ships. Combat experience in the First Sino-Japanese War of 1894–1895 convinced the IJN that its doctrine was untenable, leading to a ten-year naval construction program that called for a total of six battleships and six armored cruisers (the Six-Six Fleet). To counter reinforcement of the Russian Empire's Pacific Squadron as tensions rose between the Russians and the Japanese over control of Korea and Manchuria in the early 1900s, Japan ordered the two battleships of the Katori class in 1903. (Full list...)
December 6
The IEEE Medal of Honor is the highest recognition of the American Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). It has been awarded since 1917, and is presented to an individual or team of up to three who have made exceptional contributions or had extraordinary careers in technology, engineering, and science in the IEEE fields of interest. The award consists of a gold medal (pictured), a bronze replica (of the medal), a certificate, and a US$2 million honorarium. The medal was created by the Institute of Radio Engineers (IRE) as the "IRE Medal of Honor". It became the IEEE Medal of Honor when the IRE merged with the American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE) to form the IEEE in 1963. The first recipient was Edwin Howard Armstrong, in 1917. As of 2024, 104 people have been awarded the medal, with the latest recipient being Robert E. Kahn. (Full list...)
December 9
Rock-climbing equipment varies with the specific type of climbing that is undertaken. Bouldering needs the least equipment outside of climbing shoes, climbing chalk and optional crash pads. Sport climbing adds ropes, harnesses, belay devices, and quickdraws to clip into pre-drilled bolts. Traditional climbing adds the need to carry a "rack" of temporary passive and active protection devices. Advances in equipment are a key part of the rock climbing history, starting with the climbing rope. Modern equipment includes dynamic ropes, plyometric training tools, advanced spring-loaded camming devices for protection, and advanced rope control devices such as self-locking devices, progress capture devices, and assisted braking devices. (Full list...)
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