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June 4
Vegetable oils are triglycerides extracted from plants. Such oils have been part of human culture for millennia. Edible vegetable oils are used in food, both in cooking and as supplements. Many oils, edible and otherwise, are burned as fuel, such as in oil lamps and as a substitute for petroleum-based fuels. Some of the many other uses include wood finishing, oil painting, and skin care. There are three methods for extracting vegetable oils. The relevant part of the plant may be placed under pressure to extract the oil, giving an expressed oil. Oils may also be extracted from plants by dissolving parts of plants in water or another solvent. The solution may be separated from the plant material and concentrated, giving an extracted or leached oil. The mixture may also be separated by distilling the oil away from the plant material. Oils extracted by this latter method are called essential oils. Essential oils often have different properties and uses than pressed or leached vegetable oils. Macerated oils are made by infusing parts of plants in a base oil, a process called liquid-liquid extraction. (Full list...)
June 11
The Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Play is an honor presented at the Tony Awards, a ceremony established in 1947 as the Antoinette Perry Awards for Excellence in Theatre, to actors for quality supporting roles in a Broadway play. Honors in several categories are presented at the ceremony annually by the Tony Award Productions, a joint venture of The Broadway League and the American Theatre Wing, to "honor the best performances and stage productions of the previous year." The award was first presented to Arthur Kennedy at the 3rd Tony Awards in 1949 for his portrayal of Biff Loman in Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman. Its most recent recipient is Christian Borle for the role of Black Stache in Peter and the Starcatcher. Frank Langella (pictured) holds the record for having the most wins in this category with a total of two; he is the only person to win the award more than once. Characters to win the award more than once include Richard Roma in Glengarry Glen Ross and Phil Hogan in A Moon for the Misbegotten. (Full list...)
June 18
Monarchs of the Muhammad Ali Dynasty reigned over Egypt from 1805 to 1953. Their rule also extended to Sudan and the Levant throughout much of this period, as well as to Hejaz during the first half of the 19th century. The Muhammad Ali Dynasty was founded by Muhammad Ali Pasha (pictured), an Albanian commander in the expeditionary force sent by the Ottoman Empire in 1801 to dislodge the French occupation of Egypt led by Napoleon Bonaparte. Isma'il Pasha is a notable monarch of the Muhammad Ali Dynasty because of his inauguration of the Suez Canal and for his Haussmann-inspired rebuilding of Cairo. Farouk I was Egypt and Sudan's penultimate monarch. After his forced abdication following the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, his infant son, Fuad II, continued to reign as a nominal king-in-exile until the monarchy was formally abolished on 18 June 1953. (Full list...)
June 25
The accolades received by WALL-E, the 2008 American animation film, include Best Picture from the Boston Society of Film Critics, the Chicago Film Critics Association, the Online Film Critics Society, and the Los Angeles Film Critics Association, where WALL-E became the first animated feature to win that award. The film was nominated for seven Annie Awards, six Academy Awards, and two Golden Globe Awards. It won the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature (pictured) at the 81st Academy Awards. Walt Disney Pictures pushed for an Academy Award for Best Picture nomination, but it was not nominated, provoking controversy about the Academy deliberately restricting WALL-E to the Best Animated Feature category. The character of WALL-E was listed at number 63 on Empire's 2008 online poll of the 100 greatest movie characters. Time listed WALL-E number one in its top 10 movies of 2008 and, in early 2010, number one in "Best Movies of the Decade." (Full list...)