There were 133 recipients of the Padma Bhushan from 1980 to 1989. The Padma Bhushan is the third-highest civilian award of the Republic of India. Instituted on 2 January 1954, the award is given for "distinguished service of a high order", without distinction of race, occupation, position or sex. The recipients receive a Sanad, a certificate signed by the President of India and a circular-shaped medallion with no monetary association. Only one award was conferred in 1980, which was later followed by nine in 1981, fifteen in 1982, seventeen in both 1983 and 1984, twenty-one in 1985, fourteen in 1986, twelve in 1987, thirteen in 1988 and fourteen in 1989. The Padma Bhushan was also conferred upon ten foreign recipients in the 1980s – four from the United Kingdom, three from the United States and one each from Denmark, France and Japan. Individuals from nine different fields were awarded, which include twenty-eight from literature and education (1983 recipient K. G. Ramanathan pictured), twenty-five from the civil services and twenty-three artists. (This list is part of a featured topic: Padma Bhushan.)