Wikipedia:WikiProject Dyslexia/Developmental dyslexia reorganisation

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Below is the content of the current dyslexia article (July 2010). The content of which does not cover all dyslexia, but only Developmental Dyslexia

This page is about developmental dyslexia. For acquired dyslexia, see Alexia (acquired dyslexia).
Dyslexia

Dyslexia is a learning disability that impairs a person's ability to read,[1] and which can manifest itself as a difficulty with phonological awareness, phonological decoding, orthographic coding, auditory short-term memory, and/or rapid naming.[2][3] Dyslexia is separate and distinct from reading difficulties resulting from other causes, such as a non-neurological deficiency with vision or hearing, or from poor or inadequate reading instruction.[4][5] It is estimated that dyslexia affects between 5 and 17 percent of the population.[6][7][8]

There are three proposed cognitive subtypes of dyslexia: auditory, visual and attentional.[9][7][10][11][12][13] Although dyslexia is not an intellectual disability, it is considered both a learning disability[14][15] and a reading disability.[14][16] Dyslexia and IQ are not interrelated, since reading and cognition develop independently in individuals who have dyslexia.[17]

  1. ^ "Dyslexia Information Page". National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. 2010-05-12. Retrieved 2010-07-05.
  2. ^ Grigorenko EL (January 2001). "Developmental dyslexia: an update on genes, brains, and environments". J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 42 (1): 91–125. doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00704. PMID 11205626.
  3. ^ Schulte-Körne G, Warnke A, Remschmidt H; Warnke; Remschmidt (November 2006). "[Genetics of dyslexia]". Z Kinder Jugendpsychiatr Psychother (in German). 34 (6): 435–44. doi:10.1024/1422-4917.34.6.435. PMID 17094062.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. ^ Stanovich KE (December 1988). "Explaining the differences between the dyslexic and the garden-variety poor reader: the phonological-core variable-difference model". Journal of Learning Disabilities. 21 (10): 590–604. doi:10.1177/002221948802101003. PMID 2465364.
  5. ^ Warnke, Andreas (1999-09-19). "Reading and spelling disorders: Clinical features and causes". Journal European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 8 (3): S2–S12. doi:10.1007/PL00010689. PMID 10638363.
  6. ^ McCandliss BD, Noble KG; Noble (2003). "The development of reading impairment: a cognitive neuroscience model". Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev. 9 (3): 196–204. doi:10.1002/mrdd.10080. PMID 12953299.
  7. ^ a b Czepita D, Lodygowska E; Lodygowska (2006). "[Role of the organ of vision in the course of developmental dyslexia]". Klin Oczna (in Polish). 108 (1–3): 110–3. PMID 16883955.
  8. ^ Birsh, Judith R. (2005). "Research and reading disability". In Judith R. Birsh (ed.). Multisensory Teaching of Basic Language Skills. Baltimore, Maryland: Paul H. Brookes Publishing. p. 8. ISBN 978-1-55766-676-5. OCLC 234335596.
  9. ^ Valdois S, Bosse ML, Tainturier MJ; Bosse; Tainturier (November 2004). "The cognitive deficits responsible for developmental dyslexia: review of evidence for a selective visual attentional disorder". Dyslexia. 10 (4): 339–63. doi:10.1002/dys.284. PMID 15573964.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  10. ^ Heim S, Tschierse J, Amunts K; Tschierse; Amunts; Wilms; Vossel; Willmes; Grabowska; Huber (2008). "Cognitive subtypes of dyslexia". Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis. 68 (1): 73–82. ISSN 0065-1400. PMID 18389017.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  11. ^ Facoetti A, Lorusso ML, Paganoni P, et al. (April 2003). "Auditory and visual automatic attention deficits in developmental dyslexia". Brain Res Cogn Brain Res. 16 (2): 185–91. doi:10.1016/S0926-6410(02)00270-7. PMID 12668226.
  12. ^ Ahissar M (November 2007). "Dyslexia and the anchoring-deficit hypothesis". Trends Cogn. Sci. (Regul. Ed.). 11 (11): 458–65. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2007.08.015. PMID 17983834.
  13. ^ Chung KK, Ho CS, Chan DW, Tsang SM, Lee SH; Ho; Chan; Tsang; Lee (February 2010). "Cognitive profiles of Chinese adolescents with dyslexia". Dyslexia. 16 (1): 2–23. doi:10.1002/dys.392. PMID 19544588.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  14. ^ a b "Learning Disorders: MeSH Result". NLM MeSH Browser. Retrieved 2009-11-06.
  15. ^ "Dyslexia". The National Center for Learning Disabilities, Inc. Retrieved 2009-11-07.
  16. ^ "Dyslexia". Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Retrieved 2009-11-07.
  17. ^ Ferrer E, Shaywitz BA, Holahan JM, Marchione K, Shaywitz SE; Shaywitz; Holahan; Marchione; Shaywitz (January 2010). "Uncoupling of reading and IQ over time: empirical evidence for a definition of dyslexia". Psychol Sci. 21 (1): 93–101. doi:10.1177/0956797609354084. PMID 20424029.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)