Wikipedia:WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles/DNB Epitome 53

This listing page belongs to Wikipedia:WikiProject Dictionary of National Biography, spun out of the “missing article” project, and is concerned with checking whether Wikipedia has articles for all those listed in the Dictionary of National Biography (DNB), a 63-volume British biographical dictionary published 1885-1900 and now in the public domain. This page relates to volume 53 running from name Smith to name Stanger.

Scope of the subproject:

It is envisaged that the following work will be done:

Checks made that links on this page point to a wikipedia article about the same person;
Addition of new articles for all red-links based on DNB text;
Checking whether blue-linked articles would benefit from additional text from DNB.

Listings are posted as bulleted lists, with footnotes taken from the DNB summaries published in 1904. The listings and notes are taken from scanned text that is often corrupt and in need of correction. Not all the entries on the list correspond to actual DNB articles; some are “redirects” and there are a few articles devoted to families rather than individuals.

If you are engaged in this work you will probably find quite a number of unreferenced articles among the blue links. You are also encouraged to mention the DNB as a reference on such articles whenever they correspond to the summary, as part of the broader campaign for good sourcing. A suggested template is {{DNB}}.

Locating the full text:

DNB text is now available on Wikisource for all first edition articles, on the page s:Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Vol 53 Smith - Stanger. Names here are not inverted, as they are in the original: Joe Bloggs would be found at Wikisource s:Bloggs, Joe (DNB00). The text for the first supplement is available too: NB that this Epitome listing includes those supplement articles also.

List maintenance and protocols:

List maintenance tasks are to check and manipulate links in the list with piping or descriptive parenthetical disambiguators, and to mark list entries with templates to denote their status; whilst as far as possible retaining the original DNB names:

piping: [[Charles Abbot]] -> [[Charles Abbot, 1st Baron Colchester|Charles Abbot]]
descriptive parenthetical disambiguators [[Charles Abbot]] -> [[Charles Abbot (botanist)]]
both combined [[Charles Abbot]] -> [[Charles Abbot (botanist)|Charles Abbot]]

The work involves:

Checking that bluelinks link to the correct person; if so, {{tick}} them. If not, try to find the correct article and pipe or disambiguate the link.
Check whether redlinks can be linked to an article by piping or disambiguation.
Create articles based on the DNB text for redlinks for which no wikipedia article can be found
Check whether existing blue-linked articles could benefit from an input of DNB text (e.g. the article is a stub), and if so, update the article from DNB

A number of templates are provided to mark-up entries:

{{mnl}} the link runs to a wrong person; - produces the text: ^{[link currently leads to a wrong person]}. It is preferable to amend the link by adding a disambiguator to make it red, if an article for the correct person cannot be found
{{dn}} the link runs to a dab page - produces the text ^{[disambiguation needed]}. It is preferable to amend the link by adding a disambiguator to make it red, if an article for the correct person cannot be found
{{tick}} the link has been checked and runs to the correct person - Y
{{tick}} {{tick}} the text of the linked article has been checked against DNB text and would not benefit from additional DNB text - Y Y
{{tick}} {{cross}} the text of the linked article looks short enough to suggest it would benefit from additional DNB text - Y N

Note that before creating new articles based on DNB text you should undertake searches to check that the article's subject does not already have an article. It is easily possible that the disambiguation used in this page is not the disambiguation used in an existing wikipedia article. Equally, feel free to improve upon the disambiguation used in redlinks on this page by amending them.

Supplement articles:

Because of the provenance of the listing, a number of the original articles will not in fact be in the announced volume, but in one of the three supplement volumes published in 1901. Since the DNB did not include articles about living people, this will be the case whenever the date of death is after the publication date of the attributed volume. In due course there will be a separate listing.

General thoughts:

This project is intended as a new generation in “merging encyclopedias”, as well as being one of the most ambitious attempted. For general ideas of where we are, and some justification of the approach being taken, see the essay Wikipedia:Merging encyclopedias.

Helpful access templates:

helpful templates

There are two templates to help link to the correct page: {{Cite DNBIE}} and {{DNBIE}}. The page number automatically link to the correct url for the page at the Internet Archive site.

{{Cite DNBIE|title=Dove, John|page=358}}

Lee, Sidney, ed. (1903). "Dove, John". Index and Epitome. Dictionary of National Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 358.

and

{{DNBIE|title=Dove, John|page=358}}

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Lee, Sidney, ed. (1903). "Dove, John". Index and Epitome. Dictionary of National Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 358.

if a wstitle= parameter is used in place of title= then the templates also link the DNB article on Wikisource:

{{cite DNBIE|wstitle=Dove, John (d.1665?)|page=358}}

Lee, Sidney, ed. (1903). "Dove, John (d.1665?)". Index and Epitome. Dictionary of National Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 358.

^ Aaron Smith (d. 1697?) solicitor to the treasury; a whig plotter at the time of the Popish plot; arrested at the time of the Rye House plot, and not released till March 1688; appointed solicitor to treasury and public prosecutor, 1689; detected a more or less imaginary conspiracy in Lancashire, 1G94; dismissed for malversation, 1696.
^ Aaron Smith (fl. 1828), seaman; charged with piracy in the West In i his piratical acts shown to have been committed upon compulsion: published (1824) aNarrativeof his sufferings, and subHequently brought a charge of libel against a man who styled him a pirate, obtaining 10. damages.
^ Adam Smith (1723–1790). political economist; ;.:,:-. DDl.. t I. 60 iBSSt**?, " OS,;:: DM,:!!-..,!,.:.-:.: !.-,. (n... I* HI t: !.--. i i.:.. ate with Bane; published bU Theory of the Moral nenu 1769; his lectures the means of his attaining ...,,:.-..,,.;..,,!!., H:.,-. Turgot, and others in Paris, and Votuira at OMV; ratamati to London, 1764, and ssttfad. 1747. in KirkcaJd on a pension from the Duke of Boodeooh: from the physiocrats the perception that a Qdtl. t!:,..r,,;..,.,;,.,1,.:-...,.! bOV,MM,, n.. and differenov of wage*, and published (1766) his mat study of political economy M a separate sdsacsj; hs book being studied, among others, by Pitt; edited the autobfanaptq 3 M MM,.-. m i tool tt:..- Bto -. ;;;T: sjagM kofd Ml* ri Oftsjl DUvOTlty. i;-;: member of Dr. Johnson's Club.
^ Albert Richard Smith (181t-18X Merchant Taylors School, Middlesex Hospital, began writing for Punch.* and (1842) sent The Adventures of Mr. Lolbury to Bentiey's; brought outChristopher Tadpole IMx; wrote a number of extravaganzas, and was well known for his entertainments at the Egyptian Hall-tin iverland Mail Mont Blanc 1862, and China
^ Alexander Smith (fl. 1714–1726), biographer of highwaymen; called Captain Smith: wrote " Lives of Higbwaymcit 1714, lives of celebrated beauties, 1716, and lives of Buyliffs Jonathan Wild, and other*. ;;.;;.:.;
^ Alexander Smith (1684–1766), Roman catholic prelate: consecrated bishop of Mosinopolis in partibus infidelium, 1735: sucoeeded to the vicariate of the lowland district of Scotland, 1746. of logic at Glasgow, and next year transferred to chair of
^ Alexander Smith (1760?-1829). See John Adams.
^ Alexander Smith (1829-1867). Scottish poet: a. tace pattern designer in Glasgow; patr tillan ai:d George Ilir1 A-W r,: published in 1863 Life Drama and other poems which made a sensation: satirised by Aytoun in Firuiilian; published sonnets on the Crimean war with his friend Dobell, 1866, and Dreamthorp (essays), 1863.
^ Sir Andrew Smith (1797–1872), ili rector-general, army medical department; wrveil at the Cape and in Natal, 1821-37: wrot.- on r(.logy of South Africa: director-general of the onuy aiwl ordnance medical departments, 1853-8: hlutiiM for lu- administration of medical department in the Crimea; K.C.1L, 1869.
^ Anker Smith (1759–1819). engraver: became a famous engraver of small plate* in line; A.H.A., 1797.
^ Aquilla Smith (1806–1890), Irish antiquary; studied at Trinity Collejre, Dublin; M.D. Awri oeuua. Dublin, 183); king's professor of materta medlca and pharmacy in the school of physic, Dublin, 1864-81: collector of coins; wrote on archaeological, numismatic, and medical subject*. I""- "1
^ Archibald Smith (181S-1872V mathematician : of GhMgow and Trinity College, Cambridge; senior wrangler, 1836: M.A.. 1839: barrister, Lincoln's Ian, 1841; F.R.S.. 1866: rewarde.1 by government, 187; wrote on the deviation of the compass.
^ Arthur Smith W. W. (1825-18C1X terUiJMr: managed entertainment* for his brother AUwrt Richard Smith, and also for Charles Dickens q. v
^ Augustus John Smith (1804–1872), loseeof the UDto Obnrch, Oxford, l*. obtained i. uirfer tlw crown, 1834, ulnetv-nlna : largely rebuilt and reorganised Industrial J., Truro, 1867-66.
^ See Bodichon.
^ Benjamin Smith (1754–1833) engraver: in the stipple manner of his master Bartolozzi.
^ Benjamin Smith (1783-1860), politician; son of William Smith (1756-1835); supported corn law repeal as M.P. for Norwich, 1838 and liS-11-7
^ Bernard Smith (formerly SCHMIDT) (1630?-1708), called Father Smith; organ-builder; came from Halle in Charles II's time; built organ for Westminster Abbey and for Sheldonian Theatre at Oxford and Durham Cathedral; built also orpin for St. Paul's, London, 1097, and for Trinity College, Cambridge.
^ Charles Smith (1715?-1762), Irish county historian; wrote histories of Down (1744), Waterford (1746), Cork (1760), and Kerry (175C), which were praised by Miwaulay.
^ Charles Smith (1713–1777), writer on the corn trade; earned praise of Adam Smith by his treatise on the import and export laws.
^ Charles Smith (1749-1824), painter; native of the Orkneys; painted in India, 1783: published aTrip to Bengal (musical entertainment), 1802.
^ Charles Smith (1786–1856), singer ; chorister of Chapel Royal, London, 179G; became organist nt the Welbeck Chapel and (1816) at Liverpool; wrote songs and operettas.
^ Sir Charles Felix Smith (1786–1858), lieutenant-general; served as engineer in Spain, with distinction at Gibraltar, December 1811; served at Vittoria and in Wellington's army of occupation, 1815-18; in West Indies, 1823-37; as commanding engineer at Gibraltar, 1838-42, gaining K.C.B. for gallantry at St. Jean d'Acre; lieutenant-general, 1851, and colonel-commandant, royal engineers, 185C.
^ Charles Hamilton Smith (1776–1859), soldier and writer on natural history; of Flemish origin; served in English army, 1797-1820; wrote military part of Coxc's Marlborough and many military and naturalhistory book*.
^ Charles Harriot Smith (1792–1864), architect; becnme an authority on building-stone and ornamental stone-carving, and published Lithotomy 1842.
^ Charles John Smith (1803–1838), engraver: executed plates for Stothard and John Gough Nichols , 1829; F.S.A., 1837.
^ Charles Roach Smith (1807–1890), antiquary ; a great collector of, and authority on, Roman and British antiquities: sold a collection in 1856 to British Musenm for 2,000.; wrote largely for Archaeologia and Numismatic Chronicleand editedAntiquarian Notesfor Gentleman's Magazine,* besides helping to found British Archieological Association in 1843, and publishing useful Collectanea
^ Charlotte Smith (1749–1806, poetess and novelist; daughter of Nicholas Turner; married Richard Smith, a merchant, 1765, who became bankrupt; produced some successful novels,Enuneline 1788,Celestino 1792, Desmond 1792, The Old Manor House 1793, and Conversations introducing Poetry 1804.
^ Colvin Smith (1795–1875), portrait-painter; studied at London and Rome: settled at Edinburgh, 1826; painted Scott, Jeffrey, and Macintosh, and exhibited at the Royal Scottish Academy.
^ Edmund Smith (1672–1710), poet ; son of Edmund Neale; adopted name of Smith from his guardian; of Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford; M.A., 1696expelled from Christ Church for lampooning Dr. Aldrich, 1705; adaptedPhredra and Hippolitusfrom Racine 1707; wrote elegy on John Philip?, 1708.
^ Edward Smith or Smyth (1666-1 720), bishop of Down and Connor; M.A. and fellow, 1684; D.D, 1696 and later vice-chancellor of Dublin University; chaplain to William III; consecrated bishop, 1699.
^ Edward Smith (1819-1874), physician and medical writer; M.D. London, 1843; LL.B, 1848; F.R.C s", l: -tudied physiological chemistry: made F.R.S., 1860; cturer, Charing CTOM Hospital, London, 1853: published medloa work*,
^ Elizabeth Smith (1-76-1806), oriental scholar; born near Durham; learned Hebrew and Syriac, 1796-9; her Vocabulary, Hebrew, Arabic, and Persian printed, is I l.
^ Erasmus Smith (1611–1691), educational benefactor: Turkey merchant; army contractor, 1650; ob! tiiincd large grants of land in Tippeniry, 1662; founded grammar schools find lectureships in Ireland,
^ Francis Smith (ft. 1770), painter; born in Italy : exhibited oriental views at the Royal Academy, 1770-3.
^ Sir Francis Pettit Smith (1808–1874), inventor of screw-propeller for steamships; constructed a ; model quite independently of other experimenters in 1836: by hia experiments on the Archimedes steamer in 183 (. ! led the admiralty to construct the Rattler in 1841-3 with ! Smith's four-bladed screw; knighted, 1871.
^ Frederick William Smith (d. 1835), sculptor ; son of Anker Smith; modelled some fine groups, 1818-28.
^ Gabriel Smith (d. 1783), engraver ; engraved after Watteau, Boucher, and French school, 1765-80.
^ George Smith (1693–1756), nonjuring divine ; of Durham; sou of John Smith (1659-1715); studied at Queen's College, Oxford, and Inner Temple; was a student of early English history and antiquities; completed his father's Bede 1722, and edited other learned works; consecrated nonjuring bishop, 1728.
^ George Smith (1713–1776), landscape-painter: studied under his brother William (1707-1764); exhibited landscapes, 1760-70; patronised by Duke of Richmond,
^ George Smith (1797?–1850), captain in navy; invented a new method of sighting guns, and wrote professionally,
^ George Smith (1800–1868), historian and theologian: a Cornwall notability and keen antiquary; R.A.S. and F.S.A.; issued numerous religious and archaeological volumes, including The Cassitcrides 1863.
^ George Smith (1815–1871), bishop of Victoria; M.A. Magdalen Hall, Oxford, 1843; missionary to China; consecrated bishop of Victoria in Hongkong, 1847; wrote on consular cities of China and on Japan.
^ George Smith (1840–1876), Assyriologist ; devoted his leisure as a bank-note engraver to studying Assyrian inscriptions at British Museum; encouraged by Rawlinson and Birch; deciphered the Chaldaean account of the deluge from Layard's tablets, 1872; made three great excavating expeditions to the site of Nineveh at the expense of the Daily Telegraphand British Museum authorities, whose collection he vastly enriched: dial near Aleppo, leaving valuable Assyriological works,
^ George Smith (1831–1895), philanthropist ; started life as a brickmaker; educated himself; strenuously advocated the cause of women and children employed in brickworks, on canal boats, and in caravans; his agitation highly successful; wrote several books, and in 1885 received a grant from royal bounty.
^ George Smith (1824-1901), publisher, and founder and proprietor of the Dictionary of National Biography; joined in 1838 the firm of Smith & Elder, publishers and East India agents, of 65 Cornhill, London, which his father had founded in partnership with Alexander Elder in 1816, soon after coming in youth to London from his native town of Elgin. In 1843 Smith took charge of some of the fl rm's publishing operations, and on his father's death in 1846 became sole head of the firm. Under his control the business quickly grew in both the India agency and publishing directions. The chief authors whose work- Ikpublished in his early career were John Ruskin, Charlotte Bronte, whoseJane Eyrehe issued in 1848. and W. M. Thackeraj whoseEsmondhe brought out in 1851. In 1853 he took a partner, H. S. King, and, after weathering the storm of the Indian Mutiny, started in 1869 * The Oornhill Magazine with Thackeray as editor, and numerous leading authors and artists as contributors. In 1865 Smith founded the Pall Mall Gazette a London evening newspaper of independent character and literary quality, which remained his property till 1880. In 186H Indissolved partnership with King, leaving him to carry on the India agency branch of the old firm's business, and soon extended in many ways, publication of medical book His chief authors now included Robert Browning. Matthew Arnold, (Sir) Stephen, mid Miss Tlinckera were intimate prr-omil f n.nd*. Mennwhlfc to with great snooess in many meroantUe venture the purchase, ss ith tWO OtOCrt, in 1873, of tto - 1-I 1882 togaVe proof of his, Le"coyjd 7 - I7 * X **** Stephen and Mr 100U), with three portrait was pail. posthumously by tto I,-:.,,,;--. tary volumes (1901). Smith's -.0. F. Watte, RJL, 1876. and John Collier, 1901. A tablet to
^ George Charles Smith (1782-1863), 'boatwain Smith'; pressed into navy; served at Copenhagen, 1801: left navy, 1803: became a baptist pastor and devoted himself to open-air preaching to sailors and watermen: founded tto first sailors- home, in 1828, In Wellclo-e Square. London, performing other missionary work both as a preacher and a pamphleteer.
^ Gerard Edward Smith (1804–1881), botanist and divine; of Merchant TaylorsSchool, London, and St. John's College, Oxford; BJL, 1829; prWedacatalogue of rare phanerogamous plant*, 1829; wrote on the flora of Derbyshire, and was the flrat to recognise several British plants.
^ Harry George Wakelyn Smith], first baronet (1788-1860), victor of Aliwal; served in South America, 1807, at Corona, Fuentes d'Onoro, Ctudad Rodrigo, and Badajos, also in battles of 1812-14, and at Bladeiusburg and Waterloo: took a leading part in subduing the Kaffirs, 1836; went out to India as adjutant-general under (.iough, 1842; served in G waller and Sikh campaigns, leading the charge against the Sikhs at Aliwal, 28 Jan. 1846, and commanding first division of infantry at Sobruou, 1846; made baronet and major-general, and in 1847 governor of the Cape; routed (1848) at Boom Plaatx the Boers under Pretorius, who resented extension of British territory, many of them subsequently eroding tto Vaal and founding the Transvaal state; resisted the hinding of convicts at the Cape, 1840; put down another Kaffir rebellion, 1850; his connection with South Africa, whence he returned in 1852, commemorated by the names of the towns of Harrismith, Lady&mith, Whittlesey his native town, and Aliwal.
^ Henry Smith (1550P-1591). puritan divine; of QueensCollege, Cambridge, and Lincoln College, Oxford; B.A. Oxford, 1579; became a great preacher at St. Clement Danes, where he was lecturer from 1 W7; known as silver-tongued Smith; dedicated his collected cannons to Ixml Burghley, who defended him when attacked by the bishop of London for his puritan inclinations.
^ Henry Smith ( 1620-1 G68 ?), regicide; B.A. St. Mnry Hall, Oxford, 1640; student of Lincoln's Inn, 1640; .M.I, Leicestershire, 1640; signed Charles I's deathwarrant, 1640; attainted, 1600, but respited; probably died in prison.
^ Henry John Stephen Smith (182C-1883), son of a Dublin barrister; went to Rugby and won the Balliol scholarship (classical), 1844; fellow of Balliol College, Oxford, 1849; M.A.,1865; mathematical tutor at Balliol, though equally brilliant in classics; elected Saviliau professor of geometry, 1860: F.R.S. and F.1LA.8., 1861; the greatest disciple of Gauss; elucidated the theory of number*, his mathematical papers being collected in 1804.
^ Horatio Smith (' Horace ')( 1770 1819), poet and author; brother of James Smith (1775-18:W): gained an introduction to the literary orld through Richard Cumberland the dramatist, aud fume In 1812 as joint author with his brother James of Rejected Addresses his best parodies being those of Byron and Scott; Subsequently wrote novels, including Brauiblctye House 1826 (imitation of Sir Walter Scott): published many other works: the Tin Trumpet (a medley), 1836: aided Campbell on the New Monthly hi* 1'oUicul Work collected, 1846. writer: M.D. and other tru
'^ Hugh Smith (d. 1790), medical writer.
'^ Hugh Smith (1736?–1789), M.D. at Leyden.
^ Humphrey Smith (d. 1663), quaker.
^ James Smith (1605–1667), divine and poet.
^ James Smith (1645–1711), Roman Catholic prelate; D.D. Douai, 1680; elected president of Douai College 1682; was one of fcir catholic VkTraposiillS7bfc of Galliopolis; 1688, and inuTfa SlnSS in 1700.
^ James Smith (1775–1839), author and humourist; elder brother of HoratioSmith; SUCOMII as solicitor to board of ordnance. 1813; produced brother -Be;*ctod Addresses 1812, and -Horace in Loodon 1815; also wrote clever nonsense for Charles Mattow*.
^ James Smith (1789–1850 1 agricultural engineer; invented a reaping-machine, 1811; devtod a tjitem of deep ploughing and thorough draining for his farm at Deanston: wrote upon the subsoil plough 1831.
^ James Smith, 'Smith of Jordanhill', geologist and man of letters; merchant by studied glacial questions; wrote on the New 1862, and on the Voyage and Shipwreck of St. Paul 1848; an authority on ancient shipbuilding and navigation. liii 591
^ James Smith (1805–1872), merchant; wrote largely, 1803-70, upon the Quadrature of the Circle a problem which he imagined be had solved.
^ Sir James Edward Smith (1759–1828), botanist; studied at Edinburgh, and in 1784 purchased collections; founded LUmuin Society, 1788; knighted, 1814; produced numerous botanical works of high value, including English Botany(illustrated by bowerbyj. 1790-1814, in 36 vols., and Introduction to Botany.mi English Flora 1824-8.
^ James Elimalet Smith , 'Shepherd Smith' (1801-1867), divine and essayist: studied at Glasgow University: influenced by John Wroe, the Southcott Jaa prophet, and by Robert Owen, for whom he lectured; started (1834) his own organ, The Shepherd; became euayist to the new Family Herald 1843; published Divine Drama of History and Civilisation 1854.
^ James Hicks Smith (1822–1881), barrister-at-law; wrnot Jeremiah Smith (I771-I8*4); compiled Reminiscenced and antiquities of Manchester,
^ Sir Jeremiah Smith or Smyth (d.1675) admiral; adhered to Cromwell, 1653; fought in Dutch war, 1665, against Tromp.
^ Jeremiah Smith (d. 1723), divine; wrote oa Trinity duntig Sailers Hall debates, 1719.
^ Jeremiah Smith (1771–1854), master of Manchester grammar school; M.A. Hertford College, Oxford, 1797; D.D., 1811.
^ Jeremiah Finch Smith (1815–1895), prebendary of Lichfield: son of Jeremiah Smith ( 1771-18*4) ; edited Manchester School Register 1874. IH41;.: x sn sj ii.
^ Sir John Smith or Smythe (1534?-1607), diplomatist and military writer; first cousin of Edward VI, through his mother; entered Queen Elizabeth's service, 1574; knighted, 1576; criticised Leicester's force at Tilbury, and wrote commending use of archery; was slighted by Queen Elizabeth: reported to Burghley for treasonable talk, and confined, 159-8.
^ John Smith or Smyth (d. 1612), the Se-baptist; ,,t t'hrisi-s I'ollivi Oiinbridirn. an.l ( 157'J) M.A.; , tracts in dcicMrr,.f luptist principles, mid was known among Kniflish at Amsterdam as be-bapti-t s. Ifbaptiscr): his religious views uud tracts incoherent, nn.l diitra* toi t liii - 68
^ John Smith (1563–1616), divine: M.A. St John's OoUore. Oxford, 1685; B.D., 1591: fellow of bis college; lecturer at St. Paul's Cathedral, 1592; wrote cpntrover
^ John Smith (1580–1631), soldier and colonist ; of Willoughby; travelled in South-eastern Europe, 1601-5: set oat with Virginia colonists in December 1606: said to have been rescued when taken prisoner by the Indians by the Indian princess Pocahontas 1607; became head of colony, 1608, and explored coasts of Chesapeake: visited New England, 1614: later produced; maps and pamphlets in London on behalf of American colonisation; buried in St. Sepulchre's, London.
^ John Smith or Smyth (1567–1640), genealogist; ! steward of Berkeley family at Netley: wrote valuable; lives of the first twenty-one lords of Berkeley, first edited, 1881. Dili- 73
^ Sir John Smith (1618–1644), royalist; fought in j the Netherlands; joined royalist party in civil war; knighted on the field at Edgehill for saving the royal standard; killed at Cheriton.
^ John Smith (1618–1652), Cambridge Platonist; M.A. Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1644; lectured at QueensCollege, Cambridge; his select discourses published, 1660.
^ John Smith (fl. 1633–1670), writer on trade: privately sent to visit the Shetlands and report on their industries, 1633; wrote on British fisheries, husbandry and trade.
^ John Smith (1630–1679), physician; M.A. Brasenose College, Oxford, 1653; M.D., 1652; F.R.C.P.; published in 1666 a curious book on old age.
^ John Smith (fl. 1673–1680), 'philomath'; wrote on clocks, 1675, oil-painting, 1676, the weather-glass, 1688, and hydropathy The Curiosities of Common Water, 1722).
^ John Smith (1659–1715), divine; grandson of Matthew Smith (1689-1640); educated at St. John's College, Cambridge; M.A 1681; D.D., 1696; became treasurer of Durham, but spent much time at Cambridge studying for an edition of Bede (completed by his son, George Smith (1693-1766), in 1722).
^ John Smith or Smyth (1662–1717), dramatist; M.A. Magdalen College, Oxford, 1686; usher at Magdalen College school, 1689-1717; published a comedy (1691) and burlesques.
^ John Smith (1665–1723), politician: of St. John's College, Oxford, and the Middle Temple; sat in parliament from 1678; M.P., Ludgershall, 1678-9, 1680-1, and 1688-9, Beeralston, 1691-5, Andover, 1695-1713, East Looe, 1716-23; as a stout whig, acting as whip for the party; elected speaker, 1705, for three years; chancellor of the exchequer, 1708-10; friend of Godolphin.
^ John Smith (1657–1726), judge; of Lincoln College, Oxford; barrister. Gray's Inn, 1684; became a baron of exchequer, 1702, and lord chief-baron of exchequer, 1708.
^ John Smith (1652?-1742), mezzotint engraver; engraver after Kneller, Lely, Dahl, and many classical painters; sold prints in Covent Garden, London.
^ John Smith (fl. 1747), author of 'Chronicon Rusticum-Commerciale; LL.B. Trinity Hall, Cambridge, 1725: settled in Lincolnshire; published Chronicon Rusticum-Commerciale, or Memoirs of Wool, a standard work, 1747.
^ John Smith (1717–1764), painter; brother of George Smith (1713-1776); executed landscapes, MsWiimn on name canvas with his brother.
^ John Smith (1747–1807), antiquary and Gaelic -ohoUr; hon. D.D. Edinburgh, 1787; publishedGaelic Antiquities 1780, Life of St. Columba* (translated from Cummin and Adamnan), 1798, and other works.
^ John Smith (1790–1824), missionary ; went out to evangelise negroes of Demerara in 1817, and was arrested for refusing to take up arms against insurgent slaves, and died in prison.
^ John Smith (1749–1831), water-colour painter ; known as Warwick Smith; patronised by the Earl of Warwick; joined Water-colour Society, 18U5; executed views in Italy and the Lakes.
^ Sir John Smith (1754–1837), general: served under Sir William Howe and Sir Henry Clinton in America, 1777-81; captured at Yorktown, 1781, but soon released: commanded artillery at St. Vincent and Trinidad, 1797, and under Duke of York in Dutch expedition, 1799; G.C.H., 1831; became colonel of horse artillery, 1833; general, 1837.
^ John Smith (1797–1861), musician ; became vicar choral of St. Patrick's, Dublin, 1819, and wrote cathedral music.
^ John Abel Smith (1801–1871), banker and politician; M.A. Christ's College, Cambridge, 1827; M.P., Midhurst, 1830, Chichester, 1831-59, and 1863-8; took an active part in first Reform Bill.
^ John Chaloner Smith (1827–1896), author of 'British Mezzotinto Portraits B.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1849; engineer of Irish railways, 1857-94; produced a notable catalogue of mezzotints with biographical notes, in four parts, 1878-84.
^ John Christopher Smith (1712–1795), musician: bom at Anspach: a pupil of Handel, for whom he acted as amanuensis; appointed first organist of Foundling Hospital, 1750; carried on Handel's oratorios until 1774; presented Handel's scores and harpsichord to George HI.
^ John Gordon Smith (1792–1833), professor of medical jurisprudence; graduated in medicine at Edinburgh, 1810; wrote on forensic medicine, and lectured on it as professor at London University, but had no pupils; resigned and died in a debtor's prison.
^ Sir John Mark Frederick Smith (1790–1874), general; served under Sir John Stewart in South Italy, 1809: commanding royal engineer of London district, 1830: knighted, 1831; inspector-general of. railways, 1840; M.P., Chatham, 1857-68; colonel commandant, royal engineers, 1860; general, 1863; translated Marmout's Present State of the Turkish Empire 1839.
^ John Orrin Smith (1799–1843), wood-engraver : became a very delicate wood-engraver; illustrated Curmer'sPaul et Virginie 1835, Wordsworth'sGreece 1840, and other works.
^ John Prince Smith (1774?–1822), law reporter ; barrister, Gray's Inn, 1801; edited the Law Journal and king's bench reports, 1807.
^ John Prince Smith (1809–1874), political economist; advocated free trade principles hi Germany as a journalist; wrote several German works, and translated Hager's Political Economy 1844.
^ John Pye Smith (1774–1851), nonconformist divine: son of a Sheffield bookseller; theological tutor at Homerton College, 1806-51; publishedScripture Testimony to the Messiah 1818-21, andRelation between the Holy Scriptures and some parts of Geological Science 1839.
^ John Raphael Smith (1752–1812), portraitpainter and engraver; began life as a linendraper at Derby; made famous by his engravings after Reynolds, Romney, Gainsborough, and others: turned from miniature painting and engraving to crayon portrait drawing.
^ John Russell Smith (1810–1894), bookseller; sold topographical and philological books in Old Compton Street, Sobo, London; began publishing in Soho Square, London, 1842, retiring, 1884, when his Library of Old Authors(a series of reprints) was sold to William Reeves for l,000f. liii. 88 3
^ John Sidney Smith (1804–1871), legal writer ; M.A. Trinity Hall, Cambridge, 1850; barrister. Middle Temple, 1845; published a useful Treatise on the Practico of the Court of Chancery 1834-5.
^ John Stafford Smith UD (1760–1836), composer aii'l nri.-.i! antiquary; became orvumxtol Cnu Lon.loii, !*:; jiubli-h.M hi* *Muica
^ John Thomas Smith (1786–1811), topographical draiiKhtfltnan and aoti -: compiles! antiquities of London. 1791-1800: keeper of print, and drawings at i: published NoUekenaaiidhta Times 18J8, London. appoint.-.! M.i..--.iii.i8i and -Hook fur ultalny Day pwthumwft, 1841.
^ John Thomas Smith (1805-1882), colonel; Pal r:nt.-i,.i DCMbMrM Mlni-. mi r- irvins.il tir M.i'lr.i :H.M: *M MAI mtol Mfaf change, a ; and 1839: built a lighthouse mint; lieutenant-oolom-1. at r.ili-utte, 1866, greatly Improving honorary colonel, 1864; wrote on currency prof oudSyXi
^ John William Smith (1809–1846), legal writer; of Westminster School and Trinity College, Dublin; special pleader at Inner Temple: publishedCompendium Law 1884, and Leading Cases (Kali ed. 1896) and other works, showing great legal acumen and learning.
^ Joseph Smith (1670–1756), provost of Queen's Oxford: B.A. Queen's Colk*e, Oxford, 1694; diploma, 1697: fellow, 1698; made chaplain to Caroline, princess of Wales, 1715: -provost of Queen's College, Oxford, 1730-56; obtained several donations and legacies for the college; wrote works against deists and nonjurors.
^ Joseph Smith (1682–1770) British consul at Venice: known as a collector of objects of vertu: prepared, 1729, an exact reproduction of the 1627 edition of Boccaccio's Decameroue; British consul at Venice, 1740-60: his books and art treasures sold to George in, 1765. Most of hi* books are now In the King's Library at the British Museum.
^ Joseph Smith (1733?-1790) soldier: served as ensign under Cllve in Carnatic, 1752; captain, 1764; accompanied expedition under Lieutenant-colonel Heron to Madura, 1755: temporarily commanded garrison at Tri.-hinopoll, 1757; assisted In reduction of Karikal, 1760: major, 1760; colonel, 1766: commanded forces intended to co-operate with Nizam AH against Haidar All, 1776, nn! when Haidar joined the Nizam worsted the combined armies and concluded treaty with the Nizam, 1768; major-general: took Tanjore, 1773.
^ Joshua Toulmin Smith (1816–1869), publicist and constitutional lawyer: articled to a Birmingham solicitor; lectured in America: returned to England, 1814: barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1849; devoted much time to sanitary and municipal reform, writing on Local Self Government and on The Parish; established the Parliamentary Remembrancer,* 1857; wrote on Gilds and in defence of the Hungarian movement and on geological and antiquarian subjects.
^ Josiah William Smith (1816–1887), legal writer: LL.B. Trinity Hall, Cambridge, 1841: barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1841: bencher, 1861: Q.C., 1861; issued Manual of Equity," 1845, ofReal and Personal Property 1855, and of Common Law 1884
^ Sir Lionel Smith , baronet (1778–1842), Uentenant-geueral: served in West Indies and was made governor of Windward and Leeward islands, 1888, bat wa? unpopular as a favourer of slaves; created baronet, 1837; governor of Mauritius, 1840-2; G.OB 184 L :.!..r,j
^ Matthew Smith (1589–1640). royalist : barrister Inner Temple; member of the council of the north, 1639 left in manuscript two dramatic pieces and annotations on Littleton's Tenures HiL 76)
^ Matthew Smith (fl. 16MX Informer : trafficked in Jacobite secrets and charged Shrewsbury and Vernon with complicity and Jacobite designs of 1696: wrote tracts and extorted blackmail, but was effectually silenced in 1700.
^ Michael William Smith ( 1809–1891 X general served as colonel of dragoons during Indian mutiny mainlv in pursuit of Tantia Topi: O.R, 1869: general, 1877: wrote on Cavalry Outpost Drill and -Skirmish iiig 1867.
^ Miles Smith (. 1654). bishop of Qloocwter: of 67: D.D., 1694; became a distinguished oriental scholar and on* of translators of authorised version: conhop. 1I9: was oppossd to ceremonies and vred (i louoastor Cathedral to fall into decay, bat was .-.-::..:.!!..:. i..:.. UUt, 1646: produced a
^ Sir Montagu Edward Smith (1808–1891 judge: barrister. Gray's Ian. 188ft: beneher. MldUkTemple. 1868: M.I, Truro. 1819: mad* a iuotfot of com. o pleas by Lord Westbory, 186ft; knighted. 186*.
^ Percy Guillemard Llewellin Smith (1838-1893), general: lieutenant, royal engineers, 186ft: ncted defences at Portland, Portemouth, Malu: wrote notes on building construction (187ft-9); retiml with the honorary rank of major-general, 1887.
^ Philip Smith (1817–1886), writer on history: brother of Sir William Smith: BJL London. 1840: master of Mill Hill school: pabUshed Student * histories, 1862-78.
^ Pleasance Smith (1778–1877) centenarian: of Lowestoft: married, 1796, Sir James Edward Smith: was painted by Opie: published a memoir of her husband. 1882: retolnel her faculties until tl.,last, numbering among her friends Sarah Amain, WbewelL uid St.in-..-y.:u.l r.-a-.v:u ftmfl*Mjl fr-.m QflMB vTcftOI t, 1878.
^ Richard Smith (1500–1568), Roman catholic divine; fellow of Merton College, Oxford. 1527; M.A., 1530: D.D., 1536; retracted his views under Edward VI. but was restored as regius professor of divinity at Oxford by Queen Mary: combated Cranmer in argument: fled to Douay, 1559; became chancellor of university there, 1562; wrote many controversial works.
^ Richard Smith (1666–1666), bishop of Chalcedon: studied under Bellarmlne at Rome; chosen vicar-apostoUe for England and Scotland. 1626: resided at Turvey and at the French embassy, where his sermons drew larg* congregations. In spite of a proclamation for his arrest; being suspended by Pope Urban VIII for bis arbitrary treatment of the regular*, found refuge at the English Austin nunnery in Paris, and died there; wrote controversial works In English and In Latin.
^ Richard Smith or Smyth (1590-1675) book-collector; formed a valuable library In Little MoorflekU. London, catalogued and sold in 1682 for 1.4I4.: best known as the compiler of the Obituary of Kit-nan 1 Smyth (1G27-74X* extant in Sloane MS. 886 British Mu*rum, printed, 1849.
^ Richard Baird Smith (1818–1861) chief engineer at the siege of Delhi: fought at Aliwal and Sobraon. 1846, and at Chilianwala (1849), and Gujrat, during second Sikh war: during furlough wrote an elaborate report on Italian Irrigation 1862: appointed superintendent of canals in North- West Province*, 1864: proceeded from RurkL which he had successfully defended, to Delhi in June 1867, and forced on the bombardment and a*aalt in September in spite of a painful wound and reluctance of Sir Archdale Wilson to take responsibility: promoted colonel, 1869, and miut niAsu-r at Calcutta: made a survey of the great famine of 1861; left several works on Irrigation.
^ Richard John Smith (1786-1886) actor; known as O. Smith; seen as a boy as Ariel at Bath: after adventures as a sailor on the Gaboon river, and as a straffing player in the provinces, was engaged by Elllston at the Surrey, London, 1810: playedObiin melodrama awl The Bottle Imp * at the Lyceum, London: was eminent to $- s*to,r5em*,mo i trooprs, md InSim par* mostly at Drury Lane, London, or the Adelpbl, London: formed large dramatic collections now in British Mosmm.
^ Robert Smith (fl. 1689-1729), schoolmaster; educated at Marischal College. Aberdeen: became scbool
^ Robert Smith (1689–1768). mathematician and founder of Smith's prize at Cambridge; M.A. Trinity College. Cambridge, 1715; LL.D., 1723; D.D. per literas regii, 1739; became senior fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, Plumian professor of astronomy, and master of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1742; left large sums for university and college purposes, besides pictures and sculptures; wrote on Optics 1738, and Harmonics 1749.
^ Robert Smith , first BARON CARRINGTON (1752–1838), son of a banker; M.P., Nottingham, 1779-97; attached himself to Pitt and was rewarded by a peerage, ;;...,
^ Robert Angus Smith (1817-1 884), chemist ; was educated at his native Glasgow and under Liebig in Germany: Ph.D. Giessen, 1841; settled as consulting chemist in Manchester, 1844; studied organic impurities of the air: became inspector of alkali works, 1863: wrote on Disinfectants 1869, 4 Air and Rain 1872; did valuable work as pioneer chemist of sanitary science
^ Robert Archibald Smith (1780–1829), musical composer: became musical conductor at Paisley, and in 1823 at Edinburgh, where he also gave lessons; wrote sacred musio and melodies for songs by Tannahill and others.
^ Robert Henry Soden Smith (1822–1890), keeper of the art library. South Kensington; obtained his keepen-hip in 1868 and organised library, compiling Mjveral catalogues.
^ Sir Robert Murdoch Smith (1835–1900), majorgeneral, archiBologist, and diplomatist; educated at Glasirnw: obtained commission in royal engineers, 1855; i-ommandcd party of sappers which accompanied archaeological expedition under (Sir) Charles Thomas Newton . v.l to Asia Minor, and discovered real site of mausoleum ntHalk-arnassus, 1856-9: explored cities of the Cyreuaica in North Africa, 1860-1; employed on Persian section of line of telegraph from England to India, 1868; director of Persian telegraph at Teheran, 1865-86; director of Science and Art Museum, Edinburgh, 1885; director-in-chief of Indo-European telegraph department, 1887; retired from army as major-general, 1887; went on special mission to Persia to adjust differences arising from occupation of Jashk by British-Indian troops, 1887; K.C.M.G., 1888; published archaeological and other writings.
^ Robert Payne Smith (1819–1895). See Payne Smith.
^ Robert Percy Smith, known as Bobus Smith (1770–1846), advocate-general of Bengal; elder brother of Sydney Smith; of Eton and King's College, Cambridge; M.A., 1797; barrister, Lincoln's Inn; appointed advocategeneral, 1803: returned home rich in 1810; M.P., Grantham. 1812, Lincoln, 1820-6; renowned for his wit and his Latin verses.
^ Robert Vernon Smith (afterwards Vernon), Baron Lyveden (1800–1873), son of Robert Percy Smith [q. v.]; studied at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford; :.A.1S22: student. Inner Temple, 1822; M.P., Tralee, IK2-J and 1830, Northampton, 1831-59: junior lord of treasury under Melbourne; president of board of control under Palmuntou, 1865-8; raised to peerage, 1859.
^ Samuel Smith (1587–1620), writer on logic; M.A. Magdalen College, Oxford, 1612; M.B., 1620; wrote a manual of his subject, Oxford, 1613.
^ Samuel Smith (1584–1662?), ejected divine; of Rt. Mary Hall, Oxford; perpetual curate of Cound and Orewage, 1648; ejected at the Restoration; wrote sermons and edifying tracts in numbers, 1618-58.
^ Sir Sidney Smith (1764–1840). See William Sidney.
^ Stephen Smith (1623–1678), quaker and foreign merchant; travelled with George Fox and wrote pious
^ Stephen Oatter Smith 80N (1806–1872), porrait-painter; settled at Dublin; was very successful at or traits, first in black chalk, afterwards after Lawrence's ""inner; president of Royal Hibernian Academy, 1859 1864.
^ Sydney Smith (1771–1845), canon of St. Paul's ; educated at Winchester Cuik-.ro and Now College, Oxford; fellow of New College. Oxford, 1791; took orders, 1791; lecame tutor to Michael Hicks Beach, residing at Edinburgh, where he was intimate with Jeffrey, Brougham, and Homer; projected, and with the first two of these started the Edinburgh.Review 1802; proceeded to London, though his resources were slender, 1803; lectured on moral philosophy at Royal Institution to large audiences, 1801-6, and shone among whigs at Holland House; published the Plymlev Lettersin defence of catholic emancipation, 1807; settled at his living of Fosbrooke, near York, 1808; was given a prebend at Bristol, 1828, and made a canonresidentiary of St. Paul's, London, 1831; followed Paley iu theology; a reformer, but opposed the ballot; published sermons and other writings, taking a purely secular view of the religious establishment; known, liked, and honoured, for his manliness, honesty, and exuberant drollery and wit.
^ Theophilus Ahijah Smith (1809–1879), philanthropist; sou of George Charles Smith; aided his father at SailorsSociety and became secretary of the Protestant Association.
^ Theyre Townsend Smith (1798–1852), divine: originally a presbyterian; studied at Glasgow University and QueensCollege, Cambridge; M.A., 1830: became Hulscan lecturer, 1839, and vicar of Vymondham, 1848; published lectures and sermons.
^ Sir Thomas Smith (1513–1577), statesman, scholar and author; became fellow of Queens' College, Cambridge, 1530; M.A., 1533; public orator at Cambridge, 1538; went to Paris and Padua (D.C.L. Padua), and endeavoured to reform Greek pronunciation at Cambridge; became regius professor of civil law and vice-chancellor, 1544; appointed secretary of state, 1548; knighted, 1548; went on several missions abroad; lived in retirement during Queen Mary's reign, and resigned his post as provost of Eton; sent ambassador to France by Queen Elizabeth, 1562, returning to England, 1566; readmitted to privy council, 1571, and reappointed secretary of state, 1572. Six years after his death was published (in English) his important work on the Tudor constitution, De Republica Anglorum.
^ Sir Thomas Smith (1556?–1609), master of requests; M.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1578; became Latin secretary, and wt;s knighted in 1603.
^ Sir Thomas Smith or Smythe (1558?-1625),, merchant; son of a Loud on haberdasher; acquired wealth by trade; elected first governor of East India Company, October 1600: acquitted of the charge of complicity in Essex's rebellion; knighted, 1603; re-elected governor, 1603, and made trear-irer of Virginia Company, 1620; amassed a fortune and endowed a free school and charities atTonbridge.
^ Thomas Smith (fl. 1600–1627), soldier ; published The Art of Gunnery 1600 (with additions, 1627).
^ Thomas Smith (1615–1702), bishop of Carlisle: M.A. Queen's College, Oxford, 1639; chaplain to Charles II: became dean, 1672, and, 1684, bishop of Carlisle: endowed Carlile grammar school.
^ Thomas Smith (1. 1708), captain in the navy and renegade; did good service by gaining intelligence of French fleet off Brest, 1693; obtained a small command, but was neglected and eventually dismissed for irregularities in 1703; joined a French privateer, 1707, captured the English ship Nightingale, and in her was taken and subsequently executed.
^ Thomas Smith (1638–1710), nonjuring divine and scholar; became a fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford, 1667; M.A., 1663; D.D., 1683: went for three years toConstantinople as chaplain, 1668; was ejected from Magdalen as nn anti-papist in 1688, but refused to subscribe oaths to William and Mary; became librarian of the Cottonian Library; wrote learned works on the Turks, 1672, on the Seven Churches and on the Greek church r left valuable books and manuscripts to his friend Thomas Hearne.
^ Thomas Smith (d. 1762), admiral ; obtained popularity by compelling a French corvette to salute British flag near Plymouth, 1728; became commander-in-chief iir the Downs, 1755, and next year presided at court-martini of Admiral Byng; admiral of the blue, 1757.
^ Thomas Smith (. 1767), known as B Derby landscape-painter: paint. Derbyshire, Cumberland, and Yorkshire..:
^ Thomas Assheton Smith (1776–1858), sportsman; of Eton and Christ Church, Oxford: M.IVAndover, iwi-si, OarnarTOWblre, 1832-41; a great cricketer: hagaa* mart* of Goon trasfe liM Lt,x. BaopaUn pa.-k ut Penton, 1826, and afterward* at Ted worth; greatly improved bin Carnarvonshire estate*, and Intro SjMd onto ta MM Uii. 14J
^ Thomas Barry Cusack-Smith - (179S-1MI), judge: son of Sir William Cusac Smith [q. v.]; B.A., Trinity College, Dublin, 1811; twouM tttoni. iMBrf for Ireland, 1842; prosecuted 0*0000011: M.P. for Klpoa; of the rolls.
^ Thomas South Wood Smith (1788–1861), sanitary reformer; became Unitarian minister at Edinburgh and at the same time studied medicine, graduating M.D., i-;.: helped ko had ON Wwertnrtat Berl; 1SH The Useful Knowledge Soeteand Th *Jj'9i wrote valuable works on epldamlcs and sanitary improvements; Bentham left his body by will to Smith for Jim lion hi 183S.
^ Walter Smith (. 152X author of an account (verse) of a roguish adventuress, "The Widow Bdyth, Tweloe Merry Ge*tys 1525.
^ Wentworth Smith (. 1601–1623), dramatist ; wrote. In partnership with others, numerous plays for the Admiral's Company at the Rose Theatre, London: also wrote The Hector of Germanie (published, 1615) and one or two other plays printed as by W. Smith.
^ William Smith or Smyth (1460?–1514), bishop of Lincoln and co-founder of Brasenose College, Oxford; educated in a noble family: became a member of Henry VH'a council. 1486; bishop of Coventry and Lichfield, 1493; chancellor of Oxford University. 1495; translated to Lincoln, 1496; became lord president of Wales, 1501; with Richard Button in 1518 founded Brasenose College, Oxford, the first statutes of which he drew up. He had made other charitable bequests, but is said to have peopled Lincoln Cathedral with William Smiths, probably his kinsmen.
^ William Smith (. 1596), poet: a disciple of Spenser: published (1596) a collection of sonnets called 'Chloris'. One of these, a description of the world, hod appeared In "The Pbanlx-nest, 1 1595, signed *W. S., gentleman
^ William Smith (1550?–1618), herald: educated at Oxford University: created Rouge Dragon, 1597; wrote on the county palatine of Chester, 1585 (work printed, 1656), besides many genealogical works.
^ William Smith (fl. 1660), author; wrote, In defence of the Quakers, 4 The Wisdom of the Earthly Wise confounded, 1 1679.
^ William Smith (rf. 1673), quaker ; joined quakers, 1658; frequently Imprisoned, many times in Nottingham gaol, where he wrote voluminous tracts.
^ William Smith (fl. 1696), actor: joined the Duke of York's company under Sir William D'Avenant; created many part* In plays by Dryden, Etherege, Otway, and Lee; played successively at Dorset Garden, London, Theatre Royal, London, and Little Lincoln's Inn Fields, London: quitted the stage, 1685-95, owing to a cabal of Mohawks against him; was persuaded by Betterton and Congreve to reappear, and was cordially welcomed as Scandal in Love for Love
^ William Smith (fl. 1726), surveyor to Royal African Company; issued a survey of Guinea, 1726.
^ William Smith (1651?-1735) antiquary : fellow of University College, Oxford, 1675; M.A 1675: published Annals of his college, 1728.
^ William Smith (1707–1764), painter ; brother of George Smith (1713-1776) of Chichester: practised portraiture in London and Gloucester.
^ William Smith (1711–1787) translator from the Greek; M.A. New College, Oxford, 1737; D.D., 17W; feHMH l.-.-.nf ".. r. MB;,i'l.-1 i.:._:.. 1...:....... V,..;,....;..
^ William Smith (1730?-1819), actor; * -.:..,,:!...., OeVeferUbm vhsMi hi M PS*** if M - oast Ipnojej Barry; after playing there twenty-one years appeared at Drury Lane. London, under Garrick as Btohar ,...,;..;...,........:.;.,;., notoriety by marrying the steer of a 1774, ,;
^ William Smith (1756–1834) politician : son of a crobant; M.P. Sudbury. 1784-90. Camelford, irx..:.!.:r-.. ir... ISM, la. ". If, -. LSOr, ISIS,:-. 18JO, and 1826-30: became a follower of Fox, a defender :!:-.--...--. --..;..;..r: opposed the war with France: attacked Souther ns a reneemde: friend of Samuel Rogers, Wilberforce, Sir James Stephen, Opie, and Cotman.
^ William Smith (1769-1839), geologist and engineer; obtained as a oanal surveyor a great insight into stratigraphy, and projected a grmt map of Biwllsh became known as an authority on drainage and Irr an extensive practice as an published, 1816, obtaining by it wide fame as a geologist: gave lectures from 1824-8, when he became land-steward of the Haokness estate; obtained the Wollaston medal. 1831. and a pension from the government; his fossils bought by the British Museum; the real founder of stratigraphical geology.
^ William Smith (1808–1876). printseller: sold the Sheepshanks (Dutch and Flemish portions) and other collections of engravings to British Museum,and took part in managing the Art Union of Londou atvl In establishing the National Portrait Gallery; F.S.A., 1852.
^ Sir William Smith (1813–1893), lexicographer; educated at University College, London, and Gray's Inn; contributed toPenny Cyclopedia edited classical texts, and wrote a lar re portion of Smith's Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities(1842); brought oat subsequently dictionaries of Greek and Roman biography, ot the bible, of Ctiristian antiquities and Christian biography: became adviser to John Murray, Initiating the Principle series and the * Student's manuals: knighted, 1892; annotated Gibbon; editor of the Quarterly Review 1367-93.
^ William Smith (1816–1896), actuary and translator of Fichte; was apprenticed to a bookseller, but became in 1847 manager of the Law Life Assurance Association; win known in Edinburgh as a strong liberal; mode a mark in letters by translating the works of Fichte for John Chapman's Catholic Series
^ Sir William Cusac Smith, second baronet (1766-1836), Irish judge; of Eton and Chrixt Chu ford; B.A., 1788; a friend of Hiirke: was made i. entered parliament (Donegal). 1795: rolici tor-general, 1800; baron of exchequer. 1HU1; unsuccessfully attacked for showing political bias by o'Connell: wrote verm and pamphlets iu defence of union.
^ William Henry Smith (1808–1872), philosopher and poet; educated at Glasgow; knew M. Mill; wrote largely forHlackwood is known by two philosophical dialogues,Thorndale* and * Gravcnhiirrt, 1857 and 1861, and by the memoir prviixcd to Graveahurst In 1875 by Smith's widow.
^ William Henry Smith (1825–1891 Xt*teman : entered his father's news agency business in Strand. l*il (junior partner, 1846): developed profits enormously by pecuring railway bookstall monopoly, and developing a circulating library: M.P. for Westminster from 186*; member of first Londou school board, 1Disraeli's cabinet as first lord of admiralty, 1877: first lord of treasury and leader of the House: un IT Imi Salisbury as premier In 1886. His widow WM created Viscountess Hambleden, 1891.
^ William Robertson Smith ( 1846-1 894 X theologian and Semitic scholar: educated at Aberdfv burgh (New College), and Bonn: was also much Uv by RitMhlfltfl MtafH bMm(lS70)praAi r of Old Testament exegesis at the Free Church College, AbenlcctMin.l: member of the Old Tetament revision commiuuissed from his Aberdeen chair in : character of his biblical articles in .taiiniealth *!), of which work be became co-editor with Spencer Bayiies. in issl; proof Arabic at Cambridge from 1883.
^ Sir William Sidney Smith, known as Smith (1764–1840) admiral ; entered navy, 1777: fought at St. Vincent, 1780, at Dominica, 1782; studied French at Caen, 1785-7; pent home with despatches after evacuation of Toulon, 1793; captured off Havre in 179G while conducting a cutting-out expedition from the Diamond frigate and imprisoned two years in the Temple, Paris; upon his escape, 1798, was put in command of the Tigre in Levant: undertook defence of Saint Jean d'Acre, May 1799, and finally after heroic efforts repulsed the French: served subsequently mainly in Mediterranean and Lisbon; theatrical and fond of self-laudation, but brave and energetic: admiral, 1821; G.O.6., 1838: died at Paris and was buried in the Pere Lachaise.
^ William Tyler Smith (1816–1873), obstetrician; M.B. London, 1840: M.D., 1848; became physician at St. Mary's Hospital; wrote for Lancet and expanded his papers into Manual of Obstetrics 1858; helped to found Obstetrical Society of London, and tried to promote Seaford into a popular watering-place,
^ Willoughby Smith (1828–1891), telegraphic engineer; entered Gutta Percha Company service and had charge of cable-laying and electrical department, introducing many improvements; assisted in laying Dover and Calais cables, 1849-51; wrote on. theProgress of Submarine Telegraphy 1891.
^ James George Smith-Neill (1810–1857). See Neill.
^ Harriet Constance Smfthson (afterwards Madame Berlioz) (1800–1854), actress : born at Eniiis ; first seen at the Crow Street Theatre, Dublin, in 1815, when she played Lady Teazle: was engaged by Elliston at Birmingham, and appeared at Drury Lane, London, on 20 Jan. 1818 as Letitia Hardy; seen to great advantage in the provinces in such parts as Desdemona; played at Boulogne and Calais, 1824, and in 1828 accompanied Macready to Paris; reappeared there at the Theitre Italien- and *leou in 1832, playing Jane Shore, Juliet, and Ophelia, and created a furore of some months duration at Paris, where her Irish accent was unperceived. Hector Berlioz, the composer, became enamoured of la belle Smidson and in October 1833 married her at the British embassy, Paris. She was separated from her husband in 1840, but was supported by him until her death.
^ Sir Hugh Smithson , afterwards Percy, first Duke of Northumberland, of the third creation (17151786).
^ James Smithson , known in early life as James Lewis or Louis Macie (1765–1829), founder of Smithsonian Institution at Washington; illegitimate son of Hugh Smithson Percy, duke of Northumberland; torn in France but matriculated from Pembroke College, Oxford, as James Louis Macie in 1782; was already distinguished as a student of mineralogy and chemistry by 1786; F.R.S., 1786; contributed valuable analyses to the 4 Philosophical Transactions(1802-17), and eighteen articles to Thomson's Annals of Philosophy(1819-25); spent much time abroad in Berlin, Rome, Florence, Geneva, and, latterly, Paris, among his correspondents being Davy, Gilbert, Banks, Thomson, Black, Arago, Biot, and Klaproth; died and was buried at Genoa. His politics appear to have been republican, and by his will he lft over 100.000. to the United States of America to found at Washington, as the Smithsonian Institution, an establishment for the increase and diffusion of knowledge. The institution was inaugurated in 1846, and the handsome buildings now comprise a national museum (mainly soological and ethnological) and an astrophysical observatory. His own scientific papers nearly all perished in a fire at the institution in 1865.
^ Caspar Smitz (rf. 1707?), painter; of Flemish origin; exhibited fruit and flower pieces, also small portrait*, and penitent Magdalenes, mainly in London and Dublin.
^ Sir James Smollett (1648–1731), provost of Dumbarton; an active supporter of the revolution: knighted ty William 111, luy.s. and made judge of commissary court, Edinburgh: commissioner of the union,. 1707; M.I, Dumbarton; settled at Bonuill.
^ Tobias George Smollett (1721–1771), novelist ; grandson of Sir James Smollett; born at Dalquhurn, Cardross; educated at Glasgow University: proceeded to London with a play to make his fortune, 1 7.T.): sailed as surgeon on the Cumberland in Ogle's West Indii, squadron, 1741-3; settled as surgeon in Downing Street; publishedRoderick Random a novel of eccentric and picaresque order, inspired by Gil Bias 1748; published 'Peregrine Pickle 1751,Ferdinand Count Fathom 1753,Sir Launcelot Greaves 1762, andHumphrey Clinker 1771; settled at Chelsea, 1753, and undertook vast labours as a compiler, founding The Critical Heview 1756, and bringing out a largeHistory of Englandin 1757; imprisoned for libel, 1759; edited tiunsuccessful Briton 1762; went abroad, 1763, and published ably written Travels 1766, and a coarse and ruthless satire on public affairs in England from 1754 to 1769 entitledAd ventures of an Atom 1769; revisited Scotland and Bath in 1766; left England, 1769, and died at Mmt. Nero, near Leghorn, on 17 Sept. 1771. As a novelist he had a vigorous originality and power of characterisation which often degenerated into caricature; few imaginative; writers have had more numerous imitators,
^ Charles Piazzi Smyth (1819–1900), astronomer; son of William Henry Smyth q. v; born at Naples; assistant in Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope, 1835; astronomer-royal for Scotland, 18451888; made experiments at Teneriffe on telescopic vision, 1856; elected F.R.S., 1857, but resigned, 1874, on tho society denying him the reading of a paper on his interpretation of the design of theGreat Pyramid member of Royal Astronomical Society, 1846; hou. LL.D. Edinburgh: published Our Inheritance in the Great Pyramid 1864,. Teneriffe, an Astronomical Experiment 1858, and numerous other writings.
^ Edward Smyth (1749–1812), sculptor; son of a Meath stonecutter; worked under Simon Vierpyl and Henry Darley, and was employed by James Gandon toexecute sculpture for the Dublin custom house (1700-70). for the Irish parliament house, the town courts, the castle chapel, O'Connell Bridge, and other buildings. 1-1821 ),medi
^ James Carmichael Smyth (1741- 1821) Medical writer; born in Fifeshire; M.D. Edinburgh, 1764: travelled abroad; appointed physician to the Middlesex Hospital, 1768; voted 5,OOO£. by parliament (1802) for experiments with nitrous acid gas for prevention of contagion in cases of fever; wrote several treatises on this subject, 1780 and 1805, establishing his claim to priority as a discoverer; added his mother's name Smyth to his own surname Carmichael; was one of George Ill's physicians: F.R.S., 1779.
^ Smyth Sm JAMES CARMICHAEL, first baronet (1779-1838), governor of British Guiana; eldest son of James Carmichael Smyth; entered the royal artillery from Woolwich, 1794: transferred to royal engineers, 1795; after service against the Dutch in South Africa (1790) was promoted and (1805) joined Sir David Baird's. expedition to the Cape of Good Hope as commanding royal engineer; was absent from the battle of Blaauw-* ber-r, but greatly assisted Baird after the surrender of Capetown, and repaired the defences of Table Bay: was with Sir John Moore at Coruna; served in the expedition to Holland, 1814; responsible for the assault of Bergen-op-Zoom on 8 March; subsequently strengthened Antwerp. and other fortresses against the French; served on Wellington's staff at Quatre Bras and Waterloo, entered Pari? with him, and commanded royal engineers at Cambray until December 1816; created baronet, 1821: made governor of the Bahamas, 1829, and of British Guiana. 1833, where he carried through with firmness the emancipation of slaves; died at George Town, Demerara.
^ John Smyth ( 1771?-l834?), sculptor; son of Edward Smyth; executed statues for public buildings in Dublin.
^ Smyth JOHN ROWLAND (1806-1873), lieutenant general; educated at Trinity Coll.v, Dublin; n.t.-n-l If.th liUKvrs, IM-JI; Nrrv.il.11 Canada:uil in tti. (1843) and Siithrj (1846) campaign*; budly -. Aliwal Iwidiiika -h;irge with ma regiment ag. Sikh cavalry;.-..luii.-l of Ctu dragoon guards, 1868; lieutenant-general, 1870.
^ John Talfourd Smyth lM9?-1851) a self-taught but finished engraver; worked njion plates tor th- Art.Journal after Wilkie, Mulready, and others at Edinburgh.
^ Sir Leicester Smyth (1829–1891 X general ; educated at Eton; entered the rifle brigade, 1845; served in the Kaffir war, lighting at Berea, 1862: wa aide-de-camp to Lord Raglan, fought at Alma atid Inkerman. and brought home despatches on the (all of SebMtopol; assistant military secretary in UM Ionian island*, 18Mi-;i. oomnanbd at th.-V.i;.., 1880 I; MM tt ih commissioner for South Africa. 1883-3; K.C.M.G., 1884; general, 1888; K.OA, 1886; appointed governor of Gibraltar. Llni. 188
^ Patrick James Smyth (18J6-1886), IrUh politician: joined the Repeal Association, 1844, siding with the Young Ireland party: after the failure of the insurrection of 1848 escaped to America disguised u a drover: wrote for Irish journals In America; visited Tasmania and planned the escape of John Mltchel: returned to Ireland, 1856, and for a short time owned "The Irishman M.P., Westmeath, 1871-8U, Tippernry, 1880-8; a founder of the Royal Geographical Society ( 1890), a - of the Society of nt i i.iri.*, cxmtril IIUIII.T..I- j,:i.-r- t I.-,-.- also onTlH- Cy.-l.- of Vl.-t: galnM i!.- *u....... raneair i I -., rlM?).
^ Richard Smyth (1826–1878), Irish politician: studied at Bonn and Glasgow (M.A., 1850): became (1870) Dill professor of theology, Magee College, Londonderry, and moderator of the presbyterian church: supported Gladstone's Irish policy as M.P. for Londonderry, 1874-8.
^ Robert Brough Smyth (18:iO-1889), mining surveyor; worked In Derwent ironwork?, migrated to Victoria, 1852, and became secretary and inspector of mines (1870) and director of geological fnrvey; went subsequently to India and helped to promote a disastrous boom in gold-mines there: wrote Ituudbooks for prospectors and handbooks to gold-fields, and a work on aborigines of Victoria, 1878.
^ Sir Warington Wilkinson Smyth (1817–1890), mineralogist: born nt Naples: son of William HiMirv Smyth: M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1844: studied geology In Germany on Wort* foundation, and was appointed mining geologist to the geological survey, 1844; appointed (1851) lecturer on mining in the school of mines, and Inspector of crown mineral?, 1857; appointed mineral surveyor to tho duchy of Cornwall, of which he liad an unrivnlle.1 geological knowledge, 1852; knighted, 1887; wrote, besides a treatise on coal-mining (1866), a pleasant record ofA Year with the Turks(1854), describing his own travels of ten years back. UN- 19 1
^ William Smyth (1765–1849), professor of modern history at Cambridge;: son of a Liverpool banker; eighth wrangler, Peterhouse, Cambridge, 1787: M.A., 1790; his father's bank having failed, went as tutor to Richard Brinsley Sheridan's elder son Thomas, and had frequent skirmishes with the great wit while attempting to obtain arrears of salary; was tutor of Peterhouse, 1806; made regius professor of modern history, 1807. His lectures on modern history (2 vols. 1840) were revised by Professor Adam Sedgwlck; his lectures on tin- Fn-noh revolution were published, 1840. He was very popular in society, talked well, gave concerts, and wrote verses, publishing English Lyrics in 1797.
^ William Henry Smyth (1788–1865), admiral and scientific writer; served in Kast India Company's ship Cornwallis, 1804; was transferred in it to the navy. 1805; saw active service in the East: after service off Spain made commander, 1815. and appointed to rorvey coasts of Sicily and adjacent shores of Italy and Africa, his results appearing In aMemoir of the Resources, Inhabitants, and Hydrography of Sicily and its Islands and 'A Sketch of Sardinia 1828 -.promoted post-captain and retired from active service. Devoting himself to tin- life of a savant, he became vice-president of the Royal.Society, St. John's College, Cambridge, where be wrote promising verse; M.A. jure natalium, 1840; M.P., Canterbury, 1841; became one of Disraeli's Young England party, and { was the type of the heroin Coningsby, 1844; became foreign under-secretary In Peel's second ministry, followed Peel in 1846, broke with Disraeli's party, and committed political suicide by his abstention from debate; fought with Colonel Frederick Komllly the last duel In England, 1852: from 1847 wrote much and brilliantly in I the press (especiallyMorning Chronicle and in the reviews. 8MYTHE, JAMES MOORE (1702-1734), playwright; i third son of Arthur Moore: a well-known fop of the Queen Anne period: wrote for Drury Lane Theatre, London, a dull comedy, 1 The Hival Modes(January 1727), which brought him 400. (for hU creditors) and the lasting resentment of Pope (seeDunciadand second Moral Essay.
^ David Smythe, Lord Methven (1746–180$),' raised to Scots bench as Lord Methven, ..:.:.:.,. 17!n.
^ Emily Anne Smythe, viscountess Strangford (d. 1887), daughter of Hlr Francis Beaof : married Percy Ellen Frederick daughter of Kir Francis Beaofor i,,.,rr:..l I:.-. I..:,,, MsJtfM W.K.ain Chth vlaooont Ktrangfonl of Ireland q. v.), descendant of the Beaufort* of the erosads* VM 1+fW l.y tl.,.,..itr..,r,-. o:.I.rt,.,:.-m t!.,-.,r.j,-r Of tfal Holy Sepulchre: organised a fund for the relief of the Bulgarian peasants, 187; went to the seat of war in Turkey, 1877, in order to superintend a hospital she bad established for Turkish soldiers: died at IBB. SbepnbllshedEgyptian Sepulchres ami Syrian Shrine* 186L and a work on the eastern snores of the Adriatic. :
^ George Augustus Frederick Percy Sydney Smythe, seventh viscount Strangford and second Baron Penshurst (1818-1857) born at Stockholm, where his father was minister: went to Eton and lost popularity in Ireland through his hostility to Parnell uud the Land League.
^ Percy Clinton Sydney Smythe, sixth Viscount Strangford and first Baron Penshurst (1780-1855). diplomatist; entered the service fromTrum I lege, Dublin (B.A 1800), and became secretary of legation i at Lisbon, 1802; published Poems from the Portuguese I of Camoens a smooth version (often reissued), 1U03; while at Lisbon counselled prince regent of Portugal to sail for Brazil (November 1807), and later, at Canning's desire, drew up a report, which was much contested, of Portuguese situation; became ambawador at Stockholm, I 1817, at Constantinople, 1820; and at St. Petersburg fora few months only, 1824: friend of Moore, Croker, and I Rogers: devoted his leisure Utterly to literature, and I edited Household Expenses of Princes* Elisabeth for Camden Society.
^ Percy Ellen Frederick William Smythe, eighth Viscount Strangford and third Baron Penshurst (1826-1889) philologist; youngest son of Perry Clinton Sydney Smythe, sixth viscount Strangford ? went from Merton College, Oxford, as stodent attach* at Constantinople, and became oriental ecretanr there, 8571868: mastered Fenian, Gret-k, Turkish, Arabic, Hindustani, and other extern tongm*: wrote brill, topici of the near East, mainly forPall Mall Gazette and contributed chapters toEastern Shores of the Adriatic(1863), written by his wife, Emily Anne, vtacountess Strangford
^ Sir Sidney Stafford Smythe (1705–1778) judge: B.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, from Inner Temple, 1724; became K.aaud a and M.P. for East Grinrtead, 1747; chief baron, 1772; resigned, 1777.
^ William James Smythe (1816–1887), general; entered Woolwich from Antrim, 1880; obtained coming rion In royal artillery, 1881; served in Kaffir war, 183&, St. Helena, Nova Scotia, and on royal comnMon upon; Military education abroad, 1856; went to Fiji to report OMNtcenion to Kiurhm.l, 1*39; made meteorological observations, and iilH-rvi.M'i lis wife Sarah.Maria Smythe's Ten Months in Fiji Islands(1864); after four years in India Kitted in Ireland; colonel, R.A., 1880, retired general, 1881; left S,OOW. to the Royal Irish Academy,
^ Charles Alan Smythies (1844–1894), bishop of Zniizitwr: born In London; educated at Felsted, Trinity Oolleoe. Cambridge (B.A., 1866), and Cuddeedon; became vicarof Roath, near Cardiff, 1880; sailed for Zanzibar as Mcond bishop of universities mission in Central Africa, in succession to Bishop Edward Steere, 1884; worked with the jrreateat energy at organising the mission and training native teachers, travelling thousands of miles on foot; raised 11,000* in England for a suffragan bishop for Nyasa district, 1890; succumbed to malarial fever, May 1894, and was buried at sea between Zanzibar and Aden.
^ Thomas Snagge (1536–1592), speaker of House of Commons; barrister, Gray's Inn, 1554: at Gray's Inn, IMS,double reader 1574; M.P., Bedfordshire, 1571; attorney-general for Ireland, 1577-80; serjeant-at-law and treasurer of his inn, 1580, being at the time M.P. for Bedford; was chosen speaker, holding the office for two session*, 1588.
^ Andrew Snape (1675-1742), provost of King's College, Cambridge; educated at Eton and King's College, Cambridge: M.A., 1697; D.D., 1705; master of Eton, 1711; gave offence at court by his attacks on Benjamin Hoadly (1676-1761),and was removed from the list of royal chaplains; chosen provost of King's College, Cambridge, 1719.
^ Edmund Snape (ft. 1576–1608), puritan : went to Jersey and framed a Calvinistic discipline for Huguenot ministers there; M.A. Merton College, Oxford, 1584; summoned with Oartwright before high commission for attempting to introduce presby terian usages into England, and was imprisoned for a short while, 1590.
^ William Snatt (1645–1721), nonjuring divine; graduated from Magdalen College, Oxford (B. A, 1664); vicar of Seaford, loll); associated with Jeremy Collier in giving absolution to Parkyns and Friend, conspirators against William III in 1696; found guilty of serious misdemeanour, but treated leniently.
^ Hannah Snell (1723-1 792), female soldier; stated in a chap-book history of her adventures, issued in 1750, to have enlisted in 1745, to have served in the fleet, and to have received a pension for wounds received at Pondicherry. The facts were much embellished, but there was probably a kernel of truth as in the cases of Phoebe Hessel, Christian Davies, and Mary Anne Talbot. Hannah, who was thrice married, died in Bedlam.
^ John Snell (1629–1679), founder of Snell exhibitions at Balliol College, Oxford; studied at Glasgow University; fought on the royalist side at Worcester; secretary to Monmouth; left estates in trust for the further education of Glasgow scholars at Oxford. In 1G93 chanoery decided that Suell exhibitions should go to Balliol College. riiii. 206
^ Thomas Snelling (1712-1773), numismatist; nokl book and coins, on which he wrote several treatises published, 1757-76, at 163 Fleet Street, London; chief works, threeViews respectively of silver, gold, and copper coins of England, 1762, 1763, 1766.
^ John Snetzler or Johann (1710?-1774?), organ-builder; native of Passau; settled in England and built fine organs at Lynn (1754), Halifax (1766), and St. 'Martin's, Leicester (1774).
^ John Snow (1813–1858), anaesthetist; M.D. London, 1844; discovered that cholera was communicated by contaminated water, and introduced scientific use of ether (firrt adopted in America) into English surgery practice, 4846-7; publishedChloroform and other Anesthetics 1868.
^ William Parker Snow (1817–1895), mariner, explorer, and writer; born at Poole; after a wild life in the Australian bush and in West Africa became a literary amanuensis in London, transcribing for Macaulay the flrrt two volumes of the History; served on a Franklin vessel, 1850, and subsequently on a missionary ship off Patagonia; wrote for New York booksellers I between 1858 and 1864; wrote also on Arctic subjects ami on (1857)Tierradel Fuego
^ John Snowden (1558–1626). See John Cecil (priest).
^ Henry Soames (1785–1860), ecclesiastical historian; son of a shoemaker; passed from St. IVil's School, London, to Wadham College, Oxford (M.A., IHlu); became Bamptoii lecturer and chancellor of St. Paul's, London, 1842; edited Mosheim, 1841 (4th ed. by Stulihs, 1863), and wrote History of Reformation 1826-8, A nloSaxoii Church 1835, and Elizabethan Religious History 1839.
^ George Soane (1790–1860), miscellaneous author ; son of Sir John Soane; B.A. Pembroke College, Cambridge, 1811; writer of numerous novels, plays, and translations.
^ Sir John Soane (1753–1837), founder of Soane Museum; son of a mason named Swan; taken into George Dance's office; gained Royal Academy silver medal for nn architectural drawing, and went to Rome in 1777 as travelling student; after a wealthy marriage became, in 1788, architect of the Bank of England, rebuilding the whole structure and gaining a great reputation for the work; R.A., 1802; succeeded Dance as professor of architecture at the Academy, 1806, and began to collect the museum of paintings (including Hogarth'sRake's Progress and Election, sculpture, drawings, and gems in a house in Lincoln's Inn Fields, which in 1833 he presented with its contents to the nation; knighted, 1831. In philanthropic endeavour Soane was munificent, but he is said to have declined a baronetcy in order to spite his son George Soane
^ Gerard Soest (d. 1681), portrait-painter ; native of Soest, near Utrecht; came to London in 1656 and obtained many commissions; painted Colonel Blood and Bishop Cartwright, and might have rivalled Lely but for his uncouth demeanour.
^ Daniel Charles Solander (1736–1782), botanist: native of Norrland, in Sweden; noticed by Linnaeus at Upsala, and recommended by him to naturalists in England, where he arrived in 1760; familiarised English botanists with Linnean system, and was made assistant-librarian to catalogue naturalhistory collections at British Museum, employing a deputy there from 1768, when he accompanied (Sir) Joseph Banks on Cook's voyage in Endeavour; went with Banks to Iceland, 1772, and became his secretary and librarian in Soho Square, London, until in 1773 he was made keeper of printed books at the British Museum.
^ Moses Solanus or MOISE DU SOUL (d. 1735?), Greek scholar; a refugee from Saumur; came from Amsterdam to England; was encouraged by Bentley; projected an elaborate Lucian and published a fine edition of Plutarch's Lives (5 vols. London, 1729).
^ William Sole (1741-1802), botanist; educated at King's School, Ely; went as surgeon to Bath to be near his relative, Christopher Anstey the poet; studied grasses, and issued (1798) his chief botanical work, Menthae Britannicae
^ Edward Solly (1819–1886), chemist and antiquary; studied chemistry at Berlin; lectured at Royal Institution, 1841; publishedRural Chemistry 1843; professor of chemistry at Addiscombe, 1845-9; had a large antiquarian library; wrote much in Notes and Queries and edited Titles of Honour (1879) for Index Society.
^ Samuel Solly (1805–1871), surgeon; son of Isaac Solly, a Baltic merchant; apprenticed to Benjamin Travers of St. Thomas's Hospital, London, and became surgeon and lecturer there (1853). He was F.R.S; (1836) and president of Royal Medical and Chirurgieal Society, 1867-8. A good clinical teacher and operator, he wroteSurgical Experiences 1865, and prof, -s OM;II treatises.
^ Thomas Solly (1816–1875), philosophical writer ; after studying at Caiut* College, Cambridge, ami Inner Temple (barrister, 1841), became lecturer on English language and literature at Berlin University, 1843; published a Syllabus of Logic 1839,A Coronal of English Verse 1864, and other works, and contributed to Coon's Shakespeare in Germany
^ Thomas Solme or Soleman (d. 1541). See Soulemont.
^ Thomas Solme (fl. 1540-1553), see Some.
^ Heinrich Maastricht Solms, count of Solms-Braufels (1636-1693) general in the Dutch service;.-ntered Dutch army, e. 167U, ro*e to be general, 1680, sailed with Prince of Orange, October 1688, and led Dutch guards into Westminster; be was distinguished at the Iioyne, but much cemmrul for not supporting English brigade under Mackay at Steinkirk; died from a cannon-shot woand at Neerwinden.
'^ Abraham Solomon (18M-1862), painter; learned bis art in SaaCs school, Bloomsbury, London; exhibited game ami costume canvases regularly nt Hoyal Academy, 1841-62. He waa a good colourUt, and sltowed.marked advance in some of hi* luU-r pictures, especially * Waiting for the Verdict 1857.
^ Saint Solus (.. 700?), on English monk who settled in Suabia under Charles the Great.
^ Robert Some (1542–1609), master of IVterhotwc, Cambridge; fellow of QueensCollege, Cambridge, IMS; M.A., 1505; D.D.. I.-.HU; appointed marter of Peterbonse, Cambridge, 1589, and wa* vice-chancellor four time*; steered a middle courm? between hih Aiiu'licun-i un.l puritans; wrote a Treatise of tin- - 1682), and, trir.l to interpose us moderator m Mar-1'relate controversy i (1688).
^ Thomas Some or Solme (fl. 1540-1563) protestant divine; an unwilling monk, took up advanced protestant views; an active preacher under Edward VI; fled abroad on Mary's accession; his treatise, the Lord's Flail burned by Bonner, 1546.
^ Henry Somer (fl. 1407-1413), chancellor of the exchequer; friend of Hoccleve and possibly of Chaucer; made baron of exchequer, 1407, chancellor, 1413.
^ John Somer , Semur, or Somerarius (fl. 1380) Minorite astronomer; of Oxford; wrote a calendar, dated 1380, with astronomical tables.
^ Paul van Somer (1576–1621 ). See Van Somer.
^ Lawrence Somercote, Swinercote or Somerton (fl. 1254) canonist; canon of Chicbester, 1247; wrote on " Canonical Election of Bishops 1254.
^ Robert Somercote or Ummarcote (d. 12-11), cardinal; of English birth; favoured by Langton, entered papal curia and was made cardinal by Gregory IX, 1238.
^ Somerled, lord of the Isles (d. 1164). See Sumerled.
'^ Edmund Sigismund Somers (1759?-1824) physician: studied at Dublin and Eiliuburgh; M.I). 1-xl-nl.iii-L'h, 1783; hcrved in Jamaica and in Peninsula under Wellington.
^ Sir George Somers or Summers (1554–1610), discoverer of Bermudas; served on buccaneering voyage under Sir Amyas de Preston: took part in Voyage, 1597; knighted, 1003; commanded a fleet conveying settlers for Virginia, as one of founders of South Virginia Company, 1609; wrecked on Bermudas or Summer islands; took possession of islands for king of England in July, 1609; died there; his shipwreck and sojourn in Bermudas commemorated by Silvef ter Jottrdain, whence Shakespeare derived some details of The Tempest
^ John Somers or Sommers, BARON SOMERS (1C61-1716). lord chancellor of England; sou of John Somers, a Worcestershire attorney: educated at Worcester Cathedral school and Trinity College, Oxford; called to the bar from Middle Temple, 1676: counsel for seven bishops, June 1688; M.P., Worcester, 1689; asserted virtual abdication of James II, aud presided over the drafting of the Declaration of Rights: ninde rolicitorgeneral and knighted, 1689; became lord-keeper, 1693, member of the Kit-Cat Club and friend ninl patron of Addison, Congrcve, Steele, Vertue, Tindal, Rymer, and, for a time, Swift, who dedicated to him the Tale of a Tub 1704; with Montagu, Locke, and Newton planned ia 1695 the reform of the currency; lord high chancellor of England, 1697; created Baron Somers of Evesham, 1697; po seraed great influence, aecood only to that of Sunderlu. u one of the council , irturn in 1696 shared his unpopularity as the abettor of a policy ncceaiU.. army, and after repeat* attacks by the country party be had to surrender tbe great ami, IftO; a demand ralesd in 1700 for bU Impeachment on account of bis share te the secret partition treatie* of 16VH: was acquitted. ami would have been restored to power but for William Ill's death, upon which he Joined the whig party, exert influence, eseciall in aw Influence, especially in settling term* of iiiiton with Scotland. 1707; suoni president of the i 708; fell with the junto in the autumn of 1710. was a great lawyer, bat his Influence and capacity as a statesman have perhaps been unduly magnified by Macaulay and other His four political tract* of 181 are models of lucid presentation.
^ Robert Somers (1812–1891), journalist; edited Scottish Herald 1844, and after iu amalgamation with the Witness managed that paper un.hr Hugh ; from 1*49 to 1859 aliu-d -North British Daily Mall; wrote for Encyclopaedia Britannic*
^ Richard Somersham (d. 1531). See Richard Bayfield.
^ Dukes of Somerset . See BI:AI H UT. JOHN, first DI-KK, 1403-1444; BKAI-KHUT, KHMIM, second DUKK, . 1455; BKAUVORT, HKNKY, thinl IM-KK, 1436-14A4; SEYMOUR, EDWARD, first DUKE of the.symour family, 1506 7-1552; SKYUOUR, WILLIAM, second DUKK, 15HH1660; SBYMOIMC. CII.-.RLKR, sixth DUKK, 1662-1748; SKTMOUR, AUJKUNON, seventh DUKK, 1684-1750; SKTMOUR, EDVAKI ADOI.IMII s, eleventh DUKK, 177*1855; SKYMciuit, KuwAitn Ai).n.riit, twelfth DUKE, 1804-1886.
^ Earlr Somerset or. Bee MOHUX, WIUJAM DK, .f. 1141: fiKAVFOKT, JOHN, first EARL, 1373 7-1410; CARH, ROBERT, d. 1645.
^ Charles Somerset, Earl of Worcester (1460?-1526), bastard son of Henry Beaufort, third duke of Somerset: fought at Bos worth, and waft employed by Henrv VII on important embus* ies, 1490-1504; .-hainU -rluin a Lord Herbert of Raglan, 1M5: negotiated with Louis XII. Maximilian, and Charles V, 1515-18; created Earl of Worcester, 1514.
^ Kdward Somerset , fourth Earl of Worcester (1563-1628), great-grandson of Charles Somerset, earl of Worcester; succeeded E**ex as Qneen Elizabeth's master of the borre, 1601; examined conspirators of 1605: became lonl privy seal, 1610, and was great chamberlain at Charles 1's coronation.
^ Edwakd Somerset . sixth Earl and second Marquis of Worcester and titular Earl of Glamorgan (1601-1667), as Lord Herbert served for Charles I in South Wales and garrisoned Raglnu Castle; defeated by Waller at Highnam, March 1643: created Karl of Glamorgan, 1644, and selected by Charles I to distribute honours aud raise troops in Ireland; poesihly exceeded bie oomuiitKion (which Charles I eventually dUnvowed, 1646) by throwing himself into the arm* of Rinuccinl and the ultramontane party in Ireland; bis appointment aa lord-lieutenant requested of Charles I by the papal nuncio, but the Anglo-Irish preferred Ormonde; uent to Paris, 1648; compelled by his narrow means to return to England, 1652; impri*onl for two years, but released In October 1664. and later given a pension of W. a weak: recovered the bulk of his estates at the Restoration, and gave his time to mechanical experiments: published (1663) hi*Century of Inventions, 1 written in 1654, in which he suggested a calculating machine (No. K4 )and an hydraulic machine (No. 68)for driving up water by fire This wa* a very ingenious adumbration of a steam pumping-engim-, but there is no evidence of any practical attempt by Worcester to give effect to such an idea.

[1] Aaron Smith (d. 1697?) solicitor to the treasury; a whig plotter at the time of the Popish plot; arrested at the time of the Rye House plot, and not released till March 1688; appointed solicitor to treasury and public prosecutor, 1689; detected a more or less imaginary conspiracy in Lancashire, 1G94; dismissed for malversation, 1696.

[2] Aaron Smith (fl. 1828), seaman; charged with piracy in the West In i his piratical acts shown to have been committed upon compulsion: published (1824) aNarrativeof his sufferings, and subHequently brought a charge of libel against a man who styled him a pirate, obtaining 10. damages.

[3] Adam Smith (1723–1790). political economist; ;.:,:-. DDl.. t I. 60 iBSSt**?, " OS,;:: DM,:!!-..,!,.:.-:.: !.-,. (n... I* HI t: !.--. i i.:.. ate with Bane; published bU Theory of the Moral nenu 1769; his lectures the means of his attaining ...,,:.-..,,.;..,,!!., H:.,-. Turgot, and others in Paris, and Votuira at OMV; ratamati to London, 1764, and ssttfad. 1747. in KirkcaJd on a pension from the Duke of Boodeooh: from the physiocrats the perception that a Qdtl. t!:,..r,,;..,.,;,.,1,.:-...,.! bOV,MM,, n.. and differenov of wage*, and published (1766) his mat study of political economy M a separate sdsacsj; hs book being studied, among others, by Pitt; edited the autobfanaptq 3 M MM,.-. m i tool tt:..- Bto -. ;;;T: sjagM kofd Ml* ri Oftsjl DUvOTlty. i;-;: member of Dr. Johnson's Club.

[4] Albert Richard Smith (181t-18X Merchant Taylors School, Middlesex Hospital, began writing for Punch.* and (1842) sent The Adventures of Mr. Lolbury to Bentiey's; brought outChristopher Tadpole IMx; wrote a number of extravaganzas, and was well known for his entertainments at the Egyptian Hall-tin iverland Mail Mont Blanc 1862, and China

[5] Alexander Smith (fl. 1714–1726), biographer of highwaymen; called Captain Smith: wrote " Lives of Higbwaymcit 1714, lives of celebrated beauties, 1716, and lives of Buyliffs Jonathan Wild, and other*. ;;.;;.:.;

[6] Alexander Smith (1684–1766), Roman catholic prelate: consecrated bishop of Mosinopolis in partibus infidelium, 1735: sucoeeded to the vicariate of the lowland district of Scotland, 1746. of logic at Glasgow, and next year transferred to chair of

[7] Alexander Smith (1760?-1829). See John Adams.

[8] Alexander Smith (1829-1867). Scottish poet: a. tace pattern designer in Glasgow; patr tillan ai:d George Ilir1 A-W r,: published in 1863 Life Drama and other poems which made a sensation: satirised by Aytoun in Firuiilian; published sonnets on the Crimean war with his friend Dobell, 1866, and Dreamthorp (essays), 1863.

[9] Sir Andrew Smith (1797–1872), ili rector-general, army medical department; wrveil at the Cape and in Natal, 1821-37: wrot.- on r(.logy of South Africa: director-general of the onuy aiwl ordnance medical departments, 1853-8: hlutiiM for lu- administration of medical department in the Crimea; K.C.1L, 1869.

[10] Anker Smith (1759–1819). engraver: became a famous engraver of small plate* in line; A.H.A., 1797.

[11] Aquilla Smith (1806–1890), Irish antiquary; studied at Trinity Collejre, Dublin; M.D. Awri oeuua. Dublin, 183); king's professor of materta medlca and pharmacy in the school of physic, Dublin, 1864-81: collector of coins; wrote on archaeological, numismatic, and medical subject*. I""- "1

[12] Archibald Smith (181S-1872V mathematician : of GhMgow and Trinity College, Cambridge; senior wrangler, 1836: M.A.. 1839: barrister, Lincoln's Ian, 1841; F.R.S.. 1866: rewarde.1 by government, 187; wrote on the deviation of the compass.

[13] Arthur Smith W. W. (1825-18C1X terUiJMr: managed entertainment* for his brother AUwrt Richard Smith, and also for Charles Dickens q. v

[14] Augustus John Smith (1804–1872), loseeof the UDto Obnrch, Oxford, l*. obtained i. uirfer tlw crown, 1834, ulnetv-nlna : largely rebuilt and reorganised Industrial J., Truro, 1867-66.

[15] See Bodichon.

[16] Benjamin Smith (1754–1833) engraver: in the stipple manner of his master Bartolozzi.

[17] Benjamin Smith (1783-1860), politician; son of William Smith (1756-1835); supported corn law repeal as M.P. for Norwich, 1838 and liS-11-7

[18] Bernard Smith (formerly SCHMIDT) (1630?-1708), called Father Smith; organ-builder; came from Halle in Charles II's time; built organ for Westminster Abbey and for Sheldonian Theatre at Oxford and Durham Cathedral; built also orpin for St. Paul's, London, 1097, and for Trinity College, Cambridge.

[19] Charles Smith (1715?-1762), Irish county historian; wrote histories of Down (1744), Waterford (1746), Cork (1760), and Kerry (175C), which were praised by Miwaulay.

[20] Charles Smith (1713–1777), writer on the corn trade; earned praise of Adam Smith by his treatise on the import and export laws.

[21] Charles Smith (1749-1824), painter; native of the Orkneys; painted in India, 1783: published aTrip to Bengal (musical entertainment), 1802.

[22] Charles Smith (1786–1856), singer ; chorister of Chapel Royal, London, 179G; became organist nt the Welbeck Chapel and (1816) at Liverpool; wrote songs and operettas.

[23] Sir Charles Felix Smith (1786–1858), lieutenant-general; served as engineer in Spain, with distinction at Gibraltar, December 1811; served at Vittoria and in Wellington's army of occupation, 1815-18; in West Indies, 1823-37; as commanding engineer at Gibraltar, 1838-42, gaining K.C.B. for gallantry at St. Jean d'Acre; lieutenant-general, 1851, and colonel-commandant, royal engineers, 185C.

[24] Charles Hamilton Smith (1776–1859), soldier and writer on natural history; of Flemish origin; served in English army, 1797-1820; wrote military part of Coxc's Marlborough and many military and naturalhistory book*.

[25] Charles Harriot Smith (1792–1864), architect; becnme an authority on building-stone and ornamental stone-carving, and published Lithotomy 1842.

[26] Charles John Smith (1803–1838), engraver: executed plates for Stothard and John Gough Nichols , 1829; F.S.A., 1837.

[27] Charles Roach Smith (1807–1890), antiquary ; a great collector of, and authority on, Roman and British antiquities: sold a collection in 1856 to British Musenm for 2,000.; wrote largely for Archaeologia and Numismatic Chronicleand editedAntiquarian Notesfor Gentleman's Magazine,* besides helping to found British Archieological Association in 1843, and publishing useful Collectanea

[28] Charlotte Smith (1749–1806, poetess and novelist; daughter of Nicholas Turner; married Richard Smith, a merchant, 1765, who became bankrupt; produced some successful novels,Enuneline 1788,Celestino 1792, Desmond 1792, The Old Manor House 1793, and Conversations introducing Poetry 1804.

[29] Colvin Smith (1795–1875), portrait-painter; studied at London and Rome: settled at Edinburgh, 1826; painted Scott, Jeffrey, and Macintosh, and exhibited at the Royal Scottish Academy.

[30] Edmund Smith (1672–1710), poet ; son of Edmund Neale; adopted name of Smith from his guardian; of Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford; M.A., 1696expelled from Christ Church for lampooning Dr. Aldrich, 1705; adaptedPhredra and Hippolitusfrom Racine 1707; wrote elegy on John Philip?, 1708.

[31] Edward Smith or Smyth (1666-1 720), bishop of Down and Connor; M.A. and fellow, 1684; D.D, 1696 and later vice-chancellor of Dublin University; chaplain to William III; consecrated bishop, 1699.

[32] Edward Smith (1819-1874), physician and medical writer; M.D. London, 1843; LL.B, 1848; F.R.C s", l: -tudied physiological chemistry: made F.R.S., 1860; cturer, Charing CTOM Hospital, London, 1853: published medloa work*,

[33] Elizabeth Smith (1-76-1806), oriental scholar; born near Durham; learned Hebrew and Syriac, 1796-9; her Vocabulary, Hebrew, Arabic, and Persian printed, is I l.

[34] Erasmus Smith (1611–1691), educational benefactor: Turkey merchant; army contractor, 1650; ob! tiiincd large grants of land in Tippeniry, 1662; founded grammar schools find lectureships in Ireland,

[35] Francis Smith (ft. 1770), painter; born in Italy : exhibited oriental views at the Royal Academy, 1770-3.

[36] Sir Francis Pettit Smith (1808–1874), inventor of screw-propeller for steamships; constructed a ; model quite independently of other experimenters in 1836: by hia experiments on the Archimedes steamer in 183 (. ! led the admiralty to construct the Rattler in 1841-3 with ! Smith's four-bladed screw; knighted, 1871.

[37] Frederick William Smith (d. 1835), sculptor ; son of Anker Smith; modelled some fine groups, 1818-28.

[38] Gabriel Smith (d. 1783), engraver ; engraved after Watteau, Boucher, and French school, 1765-80.

[39] George Smith (1693–1756), nonjuring divine ; of Durham; sou of John Smith (1659-1715); studied at Queen's College, Oxford, and Inner Temple; was a student of early English history and antiquities; completed his father's Bede 1722, and edited other learned works; consecrated nonjuring bishop, 1728.

[40] George Smith (1713–1776), landscape-painter: studied under his brother William (1707-1764); exhibited landscapes, 1760-70; patronised by Duke of Richmond,

[41] George Smith (1797?–1850), captain in navy; invented a new method of sighting guns, and wrote professionally,

[42] George Smith (1800–1868), historian and theologian: a Cornwall notability and keen antiquary; R.A.S. and F.S.A.; issued numerous religious and archaeological volumes, including The Cassitcrides 1863.

[43] George Smith (1815–1871), bishop of Victoria; M.A. Magdalen Hall, Oxford, 1843; missionary to China; consecrated bishop of Victoria in Hongkong, 1847; wrote on consular cities of China and on Japan.

[44] George Smith (1840–1876), Assyriologist ; devoted his leisure as a bank-note engraver to studying Assyrian inscriptions at British Museum; encouraged by Rawlinson and Birch; deciphered the Chaldaean account of the deluge from Layard's tablets, 1872; made three great excavating expeditions to the site of Nineveh at the expense of the Daily Telegraphand British Museum authorities, whose collection he vastly enriched: dial near Aleppo, leaving valuable Assyriological works,

[45] George Smith (1831–1895), philanthropist ; started life as a brickmaker; educated himself; strenuously advocated the cause of women and children employed in brickworks, on canal boats, and in caravans; his agitation highly successful; wrote several books, and in 1885 received a grant from royal bounty.

[46] George Smith (1824-1901), publisher, and founder and proprietor of the Dictionary of National Biography; joined in 1838 the firm of Smith & Elder, publishers and East India agents, of 65 Cornhill, London, which his father had founded in partnership with Alexander Elder in 1816, soon after coming in youth to London from his native town of Elgin. In 1843 Smith took charge of some of the fl rm's publishing operations, and on his father's death in 1846 became sole head of the firm. Under his control the business quickly grew in both the India agency and publishing directions. The chief authors whose work- Ikpublished in his early career were John Ruskin, Charlotte Bronte, whoseJane Eyrehe issued in 1848. and W. M. Thackeraj whoseEsmondhe brought out in 1851. In 1853 he took a partner, H. S. King, and, after weathering the storm of the Indian Mutiny, started in 1869 * The Oornhill Magazine with Thackeray as editor, and numerous leading authors and artists as contributors. In 1865 Smith founded the Pall Mall Gazette a London evening newspaper of independent character and literary quality, which remained his property till 1880. In 186H Indissolved partnership with King, leaving him to carry on the India agency branch of the old firm's business, and soon extended in many ways, publication of medical book His chief authors now included Robert Browning. Matthew Arnold, (Sir) Stephen, mid Miss Tlinckera were intimate prr-omil f n.nd*. Mennwhlfc to with great snooess in many meroantUe venture the purchase, ss ith tWO OtOCrt, in 1873, of tto - 1-I 1882 togaVe proof of his, Le"coyjd 7 - I7 * X **** Stephen and Mr 100U), with three portrait was pail. posthumously by tto I,-:.,,,;--. tary volumes (1901). Smith's -.0. F. Watte, RJL, 1876. and John Collier, 1901. A tablet to

[47] George Charles Smith (1782-1863), 'boatwain Smith'; pressed into navy; served at Copenhagen, 1801: left navy, 1803: became a baptist pastor and devoted himself to open-air preaching to sailors and watermen: founded tto first sailors- home, in 1828, In Wellclo-e Square. London, performing other missionary work both as a preacher and a pamphleteer.

[48] Gerard Edward Smith (1804–1881), botanist and divine; of Merchant TaylorsSchool, London, and St. John's College, Oxford; BJL, 1829; prWedacatalogue of rare phanerogamous plant*, 1829; wrote on the flora of Derbyshire, and was the flrat to recognise several British plants.

[49] Harry George Wakelyn Smith], first baronet (1788-1860), victor of Aliwal; served in South America, 1807, at Corona, Fuentes d'Onoro, Ctudad Rodrigo, and Badajos, also in battles of 1812-14, and at Bladeiusburg and Waterloo: took a leading part in subduing the Kaffirs, 1836; went out to India as adjutant-general under (.iough, 1842; served in G waller and Sikh campaigns, leading the charge against the Sikhs at Aliwal, 28 Jan. 1846, and commanding first division of infantry at Sobruou, 1846; made baronet and major-general, and in 1847 governor of the Cape; routed (1848) at Boom Plaatx the Boers under Pretorius, who resented extension of British territory, many of them subsequently eroding tto Vaal and founding the Transvaal state; resisted the hinding of convicts at the Cape, 1840; put down another Kaffir rebellion, 1850; his connection with South Africa, whence he returned in 1852, commemorated by the names of the towns of Harrismith, Lady&mith, Whittlesey his native town, and Aliwal.

[50] Henry Smith (1550P-1591). puritan divine; of QueensCollege, Cambridge, and Lincoln College, Oxford; B.A. Oxford, 1579; became a great preacher at St. Clement Danes, where he was lecturer from 1 W7; known as silver-tongued Smith; dedicated his collected cannons to Ixml Burghley, who defended him when attacked by the bishop of London for his puritan inclinations.

[51] Henry Smith ( 1620-1 G68 ?), regicide; B.A. St. Mnry Hall, Oxford, 1640; student of Lincoln's Inn, 1640; .M.I, Leicestershire, 1640; signed Charles I's deathwarrant, 1640; attainted, 1600, but respited; probably died in prison.

[52] Henry John Stephen Smith (182C-1883), son of a Dublin barrister; went to Rugby and won the Balliol scholarship (classical), 1844; fellow of Balliol College, Oxford, 1849; M.A.,1865; mathematical tutor at Balliol, though equally brilliant in classics; elected Saviliau professor of geometry, 1860: F.R.S. and F.1LA.8., 1861; the greatest disciple of Gauss; elucidated the theory of number*, his mathematical papers being collected in 1804.

[53] Horatio Smith (' Horace ')( 1770 1819), poet and author; brother of James Smith (1775-18:W): gained an introduction to the literary orld through Richard Cumberland the dramatist, aud fume In 1812 as joint author with his brother James of Rejected Addresses his best parodies being those of Byron and Scott; Subsequently wrote novels, including Brauiblctye House 1826 (imitation of Sir Walter Scott): published many other works: the Tin Trumpet (a medley), 1836: aided Campbell on the New Monthly hi* 1'oUicul Work collected, 1846. writer: M.D. and other tru

[54] '^ Hugh Smith (d. 1790), medical writer.

[55] '^ Hugh Smith (1736?–1789), M.D. at Leyden.

[56] Humphrey Smith (d. 1663), quaker.

[57] James Smith (1605–1667), divine and poet.

[58] James Smith (1645–1711), Roman Catholic prelate; D.D. Douai, 1680; elected president of Douai College 1682; was one of fcir catholic VkTraposiillS7bfc of Galliopolis; 1688, and inuTfa SlnSS in 1700.

[59] James Smith (1775–1839), author and humourist; elder brother of HoratioSmith; SUCOMII as solicitor to board of ordnance. 1813; produced brother -Be;*ctod Addresses 1812, and -Horace in Loodon 1815; also wrote clever nonsense for Charles Mattow*.

[60] James Smith (1789–1850 1 agricultural engineer; invented a reaping-machine, 1811; devtod a tjitem of deep ploughing and thorough draining for his farm at Deanston: wrote upon the subsoil plough 1831.

[61] James Smith, 'Smith of Jordanhill', geologist and man of letters; merchant by studied glacial questions; wrote on the New 1862, and on the Voyage and Shipwreck of St. Paul 1848; an authority on ancient shipbuilding and navigation. liii 591

[62] James Smith (1805–1872), merchant; wrote largely, 1803-70, upon the Quadrature of the Circle a problem which he imagined be had solved.

[63] Sir James Edward Smith (1759–1828), botanist; studied at Edinburgh, and in 1784 purchased collections; founded LUmuin Society, 1788; knighted, 1814; produced numerous botanical works of high value, including English Botany(illustrated by bowerbyj. 1790-1814, in 36 vols., and Introduction to Botany.mi English Flora 1824-8.

[64] James Elimalet Smith , 'Shepherd Smith' (1801-1867), divine and essayist: studied at Glasgow University: influenced by John Wroe, the Southcott Jaa prophet, and by Robert Owen, for whom he lectured; started (1834) his own organ, The Shepherd; became euayist to the new Family Herald 1843; published Divine Drama of History and Civilisation 1854.

[65] James Hicks Smith (1822–1881), barrister-at-law; wrnot Jeremiah Smith (I771-I8*4); compiled Reminiscenced and antiquities of Manchester,

[66] Sir Jeremiah Smith or Smyth (d.1675) admiral; adhered to Cromwell, 1653; fought in Dutch war, 1665, against Tromp.

[67] Jeremiah Smith (d. 1723), divine; wrote oa Trinity duntig Sailers Hall debates, 1719.

[68] Jeremiah Smith (1771–1854), master of Manchester grammar school; M.A. Hertford College, Oxford, 1797; D.D., 1811.

[69] Jeremiah Finch Smith (1815–1895), prebendary of Lichfield: son of Jeremiah Smith ( 1771-18*4) ; edited Manchester School Register 1874. IH41;.: x sn sj ii.

[70] Sir John Smith or Smythe (1534?-1607), diplomatist and military writer; first cousin of Edward VI, through his mother; entered Queen Elizabeth's service, 1574; knighted, 1576; criticised Leicester's force at Tilbury, and wrote commending use of archery; was slighted by Queen Elizabeth: reported to Burghley for treasonable talk, and confined, 159-8.

[71] John Smith or Smyth (d. 1612), the Se-baptist; ,,t t'hrisi-s I'ollivi Oiinbridirn. an.l ( 157'J) M.A.; , tracts in dcicMrr,.f luptist principles, mid was known among Kniflish at Amsterdam as be-bapti-t s. Ifbaptiscr): his religious views uud tracts incoherent, nn.l diitra* toi t liii - 68

[72] John Smith (1563–1616), divine: M.A. St John's OoUore. Oxford, 1685; B.D., 1591: fellow of bis college; lecturer at St. Paul's Cathedral, 1592; wrote cpntrover

[73] John Smith (1580–1631), soldier and colonist ; of Willoughby; travelled in South-eastern Europe, 1601-5: set oat with Virginia colonists in December 1606: said to have been rescued when taken prisoner by the Indians by the Indian princess Pocahontas 1607; became head of colony, 1608, and explored coasts of Chesapeake: visited New England, 1614: later produced; maps and pamphlets in London on behalf of American colonisation; buried in St. Sepulchre's, London.

[74] John Smith or Smyth (1567–1640), genealogist; ! steward of Berkeley family at Netley: wrote valuable; lives of the first twenty-one lords of Berkeley, first edited, 1881. Dili- 73

[75] Sir John Smith (1618–1644), royalist; fought in j the Netherlands; joined royalist party in civil war; knighted on the field at Edgehill for saving the royal standard; killed at Cheriton.

[76] John Smith (1618–1652), Cambridge Platonist; M.A. Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1644; lectured at QueensCollege, Cambridge; his select discourses published, 1660.

[77] John Smith (fl. 1633–1670), writer on trade: privately sent to visit the Shetlands and report on their industries, 1633; wrote on British fisheries, husbandry and trade.

[78] John Smith (1630–1679), physician; M.A. Brasenose College, Oxford, 1653; M.D., 1652; F.R.C.P.; published in 1666 a curious book on old age.

[79] John Smith (fl. 1673–1680), 'philomath'; wrote on clocks, 1675, oil-painting, 1676, the weather-glass, 1688, and hydropathy The Curiosities of Common Water, 1722).

[80] John Smith (1659–1715), divine; grandson of Matthew Smith (1689-1640); educated at St. John's College, Cambridge; M.A 1681; D.D., 1696; became treasurer of Durham, but spent much time at Cambridge studying for an edition of Bede (completed by his son, George Smith (1693-1766), in 1722).

[81] John Smith or Smyth (1662–1717), dramatist; M.A. Magdalen College, Oxford, 1686; usher at Magdalen College school, 1689-1717; published a comedy (1691) and burlesques.

[82] John Smith (1665–1723), politician: of St. John's College, Oxford, and the Middle Temple; sat in parliament from 1678; M.P., Ludgershall, 1678-9, 1680-1, and 1688-9, Beeralston, 1691-5, Andover, 1695-1713, East Looe, 1716-23; as a stout whig, acting as whip for the party; elected speaker, 1705, for three years; chancellor of the exchequer, 1708-10; friend of Godolphin.

[83] John Smith (1657–1726), judge; of Lincoln College, Oxford; barrister. Gray's Inn, 1684; became a baron of exchequer, 1702, and lord chief-baron of exchequer, 1708.

[84] John Smith (1652?-1742), mezzotint engraver; engraver after Kneller, Lely, Dahl, and many classical painters; sold prints in Covent Garden, London.

[85] John Smith (fl. 1747), author of 'Chronicon Rusticum-Commerciale; LL.B. Trinity Hall, Cambridge, 1725: settled in Lincolnshire; published Chronicon Rusticum-Commerciale, or Memoirs of Wool, a standard work, 1747.

[86] John Smith (1717–1764), painter; brother of George Smith (1713-1776); executed landscapes, MsWiimn on name canvas with his brother.

[87] John Smith (1747–1807), antiquary and Gaelic -ohoUr; hon. D.D. Edinburgh, 1787; publishedGaelic Antiquities 1780, Life of St. Columba* (translated from Cummin and Adamnan), 1798, and other works.

[88] John Smith (1790–1824), missionary ; went out to evangelise negroes of Demerara in 1817, and was arrested for refusing to take up arms against insurgent slaves, and died in prison.

[89] John Smith (1749–1831), water-colour painter ; known as Warwick Smith; patronised by the Earl of Warwick; joined Water-colour Society, 18U5; executed views in Italy and the Lakes.

[90] Sir John Smith (1754–1837), general: served under Sir William Howe and Sir Henry Clinton in America, 1777-81; captured at Yorktown, 1781, but soon released: commanded artillery at St. Vincent and Trinidad, 1797, and under Duke of York in Dutch expedition, 1799; G.C.H., 1831; became colonel of horse artillery, 1833; general, 1837.

[91] John Smith (1797–1861), musician ; became vicar choral of St. Patrick's, Dublin, 1819, and wrote cathedral music.

[92] John Abel Smith (1801–1871), banker and politician; M.A. Christ's College, Cambridge, 1827; M.P., Midhurst, 1830, Chichester, 1831-59, and 1863-8; took an active part in first Reform Bill.

[93] John Chaloner Smith (1827–1896), author of 'British Mezzotinto Portraits B.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1849; engineer of Irish railways, 1857-94; produced a notable catalogue of mezzotints with biographical notes, in four parts, 1878-84.

[94] John Christopher Smith (1712–1795), musician: bom at Anspach: a pupil of Handel, for whom he acted as amanuensis; appointed first organist of Foundling Hospital, 1750; carried on Handel's oratorios until 1774; presented Handel's scores and harpsichord to George HI.

[95] John Gordon Smith (1792–1833), professor of medical jurisprudence; graduated in medicine at Edinburgh, 1810; wrote on forensic medicine, and lectured on it as professor at London University, but had no pupils; resigned and died in a debtor's prison.

[96] Sir John Mark Frederick Smith (1790–1874), general; served under Sir John Stewart in South Italy, 1809: commanding royal engineer of London district, 1830: knighted, 1831; inspector-general of. railways, 1840; M.P., Chatham, 1857-68; colonel commandant, royal engineers, 1860; general, 1863; translated Marmout's Present State of the Turkish Empire 1839.

[97] John Orrin Smith (1799–1843), wood-engraver : became a very delicate wood-engraver; illustrated Curmer'sPaul et Virginie 1835, Wordsworth'sGreece 1840, and other works.

[98] John Prince Smith (1774?–1822), law reporter ; barrister, Gray's Inn, 1801; edited the Law Journal and king's bench reports, 1807.

[99] John Prince Smith (1809–1874), political economist; advocated free trade principles hi Germany as a journalist; wrote several German works, and translated Hager's Political Economy 1844.

[100] John Pye Smith (1774–1851), nonconformist divine: son of a Sheffield bookseller; theological tutor at Homerton College, 1806-51; publishedScripture Testimony to the Messiah 1818-21, andRelation between the Holy Scriptures and some parts of Geological Science 1839.

[101] John Raphael Smith (1752–1812), portraitpainter and engraver; began life as a linendraper at Derby; made famous by his engravings after Reynolds, Romney, Gainsborough, and others: turned from miniature painting and engraving to crayon portrait drawing.

[102] John Russell Smith (1810–1894), bookseller; sold topographical and philological books in Old Compton Street, Sobo, London; began publishing in Soho Square, London, 1842, retiring, 1884, when his Library of Old Authors(a series of reprints) was sold to William Reeves for l,000f. liii. 88 3

[103] John Sidney Smith (1804–1871), legal writer ; M.A. Trinity Hall, Cambridge, 1850; barrister. Middle Temple, 1845; published a useful Treatise on the Practico of the Court of Chancery 1834-5.

[104] John Stafford Smith UD (1760–1836), composer aii'l nri.-.i! antiquary; became orvumxtol Cnu Lon.loii, !*:; jiubli-h.M hi* *Muica

[105] John Thomas Smith (1786–1811), topographical draiiKhtfltnan and aoti -: compiles! antiquities of London. 1791-1800: keeper of print, and drawings at i: published NoUekenaaiidhta Times 18J8, London. appoint.-.! M.i..--.iii.i8i and -Hook fur ultalny Day pwthumwft, 1841.

[106] John Thomas Smith (1805-1882), colonel; Pal r:nt.-i,.i DCMbMrM Mlni-. mi r- irvins.il tir M.i'lr.i :H.M: *M MAI mtol Mfaf change, a ; and 1839: built a lighthouse mint; lieutenant-oolom-1. at r.ili-utte, 1866, greatly Improving honorary colonel, 1864; wrote on currency prof oudSyXi

[107] John William Smith (1809–1846), legal writer; of Westminster School and Trinity College, Dublin; special pleader at Inner Temple: publishedCompendium Law 1884, and Leading Cases (Kali ed. 1896) and other works, showing great legal acumen and learning.

[108] Joseph Smith (1670–1756), provost of Queen's Oxford: B.A. Queen's Colk*e, Oxford, 1694; diploma, 1697: fellow, 1698; made chaplain to Caroline, princess of Wales, 1715: -provost of Queen's College, Oxford, 1730-56; obtained several donations and legacies for the college; wrote works against deists and nonjurors.

[109] Joseph Smith (1682–1770) British consul at Venice: known as a collector of objects of vertu: prepared, 1729, an exact reproduction of the 1627 edition of Boccaccio's Decameroue; British consul at Venice, 1740-60: his books and art treasures sold to George in, 1765. Most of hi* books are now In the King's Library at the British Museum.

[110] Joseph Smith (1733?-1790) soldier: served as ensign under Cllve in Carnatic, 1752; captain, 1764; accompanied expedition under Lieutenant-colonel Heron to Madura, 1755: temporarily commanded garrison at Tri.-hinopoll, 1757; assisted In reduction of Karikal, 1760: major, 1760; colonel, 1766: commanded forces intended to co-operate with Nizam AH against Haidar All, 1776, nn! when Haidar joined the Nizam worsted the combined armies and concluded treaty with the Nizam, 1768; major-general: took Tanjore, 1773.

[111] Joshua Toulmin Smith (1816–1869), publicist and constitutional lawyer: articled to a Birmingham solicitor; lectured in America: returned to England, 1814: barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1849; devoted much time to sanitary and municipal reform, writing on Local Self Government and on The Parish; established the Parliamentary Remembrancer,* 1857; wrote on Gilds and in defence of the Hungarian movement and on geological and antiquarian subjects.

[112] Josiah William Smith (1816–1887), legal writer: LL.B. Trinity Hall, Cambridge, 1841: barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1841: bencher, 1861: Q.C., 1861; issued Manual of Equity," 1845, ofReal and Personal Property 1855, and of Common Law 1884

[113] Sir Lionel Smith , baronet (1778–1842), Uentenant-geueral: served in West Indies and was made governor of Windward and Leeward islands, 1888, bat wa? unpopular as a favourer of slaves; created baronet, 1837; governor of Mauritius, 1840-2; G.OB 184 L :.!..r,j

[114] Matthew Smith (1589–1640). royalist : barrister Inner Temple; member of the council of the north, 1639 left in manuscript two dramatic pieces and annotations on Littleton's Tenures HiL 76)

[115] Matthew Smith (fl. 16MX Informer : trafficked in Jacobite secrets and charged Shrewsbury and Vernon with complicity and Jacobite designs of 1696: wrote tracts and extorted blackmail, but was effectually silenced in 1700.

[116] Michael William Smith ( 1809–1891 X general served as colonel of dragoons during Indian mutiny mainlv in pursuit of Tantia Topi: O.R, 1869: general, 1877: wrote on Cavalry Outpost Drill and -Skirmish iiig 1867.

[117] Miles Smith (. 1654). bishop of Qloocwter: of 67: D.D., 1694; became a distinguished oriental scholar and on* of translators of authorised version: conhop. 1I9: was oppossd to ceremonies and vred (i louoastor Cathedral to fall into decay, bat was .-.-::..:.!!..:. i..:.. UUt, 1646: produced a

[118] Sir Montagu Edward Smith (1808–1891 judge: barrister. Gray's Ian. 188ft: beneher. MldUkTemple. 1868: M.I, Truro. 1819: mad* a iuotfot of com. o pleas by Lord Westbory, 186ft; knighted. 186*.

[119] Percy Guillemard Llewellin Smith (1838-1893), general: lieutenant, royal engineers, 186ft: ncted defences at Portland, Portemouth, Malu: wrote notes on building construction (187ft-9); retiml with the honorary rank of major-general, 1887.

[120] Philip Smith (1817–1886), writer on history: brother of Sir William Smith: BJL London. 1840: master of Mill Hill school: pabUshed Student * histories, 1862-78.

[121] Pleasance Smith (1778–1877) centenarian: of Lowestoft: married, 1796, Sir James Edward Smith: was painted by Opie: published a memoir of her husband. 1882: retolnel her faculties until tl.,last, numbering among her friends Sarah Amain, WbewelL uid St.in-..-y.:u.l r.-a-.v:u ftmfl*Mjl fr-.m QflMB vTcftOI t, 1878.

[122] Richard Smith (1500–1568), Roman catholic divine; fellow of Merton College, Oxford. 1527; M.A., 1530: D.D., 1536; retracted his views under Edward VI. but was restored as regius professor of divinity at Oxford by Queen Mary: combated Cranmer in argument: fled to Douay, 1559; became chancellor of university there, 1562; wrote many controversial works.

[123] Richard Smith (1666–1666), bishop of Chalcedon: studied under Bellarmlne at Rome; chosen vicar-apostoUe for England and Scotland. 1626: resided at Turvey and at the French embassy, where his sermons drew larg* congregations. In spite of a proclamation for his arrest; being suspended by Pope Urban VIII for bis arbitrary treatment of the regular*, found refuge at the English Austin nunnery in Paris, and died there; wrote controversial works In English and In Latin.

[124] Richard Smith or Smyth (1590-1675) book-collector; formed a valuable library In Little MoorflekU. London, catalogued and sold in 1682 for 1.4I4.: best known as the compiler of the Obituary of Kit-nan 1 Smyth (1G27-74X* extant in Sloane MS. 886 British Mu*rum, printed, 1849.

[125] Richard Baird Smith (1818–1861) chief engineer at the siege of Delhi: fought at Aliwal and Sobraon. 1846, and at Chilianwala (1849), and Gujrat, during second Sikh war: during furlough wrote an elaborate report on Italian Irrigation 1862: appointed superintendent of canals in North- West Province*, 1864: proceeded from RurkL which he had successfully defended, to Delhi in June 1867, and forced on the bombardment and a*aalt in September in spite of a painful wound and reluctance of Sir Archdale Wilson to take responsibility: promoted colonel, 1869, and miut niAsu-r at Calcutta: made a survey of the great famine of 1861; left several works on Irrigation.

[126] Richard John Smith (1786-1886) actor; known as O. Smith; seen as a boy as Ariel at Bath: after adventures as a sailor on the Gaboon river, and as a straffing player in the provinces, was engaged by Elllston at the Surrey, London, 1810: playedObiin melodrama awl The Bottle Imp * at the Lyceum, London: was eminent to $- s*to,r5em*,mo i trooprs, md InSim par* mostly at Drury Lane, London, or the Adelpbl, London: formed large dramatic collections now in British Mosmm.

[127] Robert Smith (fl. 1689-1729), schoolmaster; educated at Marischal College. Aberdeen: became scbool

[128] Robert Smith (1689–1768). mathematician and founder of Smith's prize at Cambridge; M.A. Trinity College. Cambridge, 1715; LL.D., 1723; D.D. per literas regii, 1739; became senior fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, Plumian professor of astronomy, and master of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1742; left large sums for university and college purposes, besides pictures and sculptures; wrote on Optics 1738, and Harmonics 1749.

[129] Robert Smith , first BARON CARRINGTON (1752–1838), son of a banker; M.P., Nottingham, 1779-97; attached himself to Pitt and was rewarded by a peerage, ;;...,

[130] Robert Angus Smith (1817-1 884), chemist ; was educated at his native Glasgow and under Liebig in Germany: Ph.D. Giessen, 1841; settled as consulting chemist in Manchester, 1844; studied organic impurities of the air: became inspector of alkali works, 1863: wrote on Disinfectants 1869, 4 Air and Rain 1872; did valuable work as pioneer chemist of sanitary science

[131] Robert Archibald Smith (1780–1829), musical composer: became musical conductor at Paisley, and in 1823 at Edinburgh, where he also gave lessons; wrote sacred musio and melodies for songs by Tannahill and others.

[132] Robert Henry Soden Smith (1822–1890), keeper of the art library. South Kensington; obtained his keepen-hip in 1868 and organised library, compiling Mjveral catalogues.

[133] Sir Robert Murdoch Smith (1835–1900), majorgeneral, archiBologist, and diplomatist; educated at Glasirnw: obtained commission in royal engineers, 1855; i-ommandcd party of sappers which accompanied archaeological expedition under (Sir) Charles Thomas Newton . v.l to Asia Minor, and discovered real site of mausoleum ntHalk-arnassus, 1856-9: explored cities of the Cyreuaica in North Africa, 1860-1; employed on Persian section of line of telegraph from England to India, 1868; director of Persian telegraph at Teheran, 1865-86; director of Science and Art Museum, Edinburgh, 1885; director-in-chief of Indo-European telegraph department, 1887; retired from army as major-general, 1887; went on special mission to Persia to adjust differences arising from occupation of Jashk by British-Indian troops, 1887; K.C.M.G., 1888; published archaeological and other writings.

[134] Robert Payne Smith (1819–1895). See Payne Smith.

[135] Robert Percy Smith, known as Bobus Smith (1770–1846), advocate-general of Bengal; elder brother of Sydney Smith; of Eton and King's College, Cambridge; M.A., 1797; barrister, Lincoln's Inn; appointed advocategeneral, 1803: returned home rich in 1810; M.P., Grantham. 1812, Lincoln, 1820-6; renowned for his wit and his Latin verses.

[136] Robert Vernon Smith (afterwards Vernon), Baron Lyveden (1800–1873), son of Robert Percy Smith [q. v.]; studied at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford; :.A.1S22: student. Inner Temple, 1822; M.P., Tralee, IK2-J and 1830, Northampton, 1831-59: junior lord of treasury under Melbourne; president of board of control under Palmuntou, 1865-8; raised to peerage, 1859.

[137] Samuel Smith (1587–1620), writer on logic; M.A. Magdalen College, Oxford, 1612; M.B., 1620; wrote a manual of his subject, Oxford, 1613.

[138] Samuel Smith (1584–1662?), ejected divine; of Rt. Mary Hall, Oxford; perpetual curate of Cound and Orewage, 1648; ejected at the Restoration; wrote sermons and edifying tracts in numbers, 1618-58.

[139] Sir Sidney Smith (1764–1840). See William Sidney.

[140] Stephen Smith (1623–1678), quaker and foreign merchant; travelled with George Fox and wrote pious

[141] Stephen Oatter Smith 80N (1806–1872), porrait-painter; settled at Dublin; was very successful at or traits, first in black chalk, afterwards after Lawrence's ""inner; president of Royal Hibernian Academy, 1859 1864.

[142] Sydney Smith (1771–1845), canon of St. Paul's ; educated at Winchester Cuik-.ro and Now College, Oxford; fellow of New College. Oxford, 1791; took orders, 1791; lecame tutor to Michael Hicks Beach, residing at Edinburgh, where he was intimate with Jeffrey, Brougham, and Homer; projected, and with the first two of these started the Edinburgh.Review 1802; proceeded to London, though his resources were slender, 1803; lectured on moral philosophy at Royal Institution to large audiences, 1801-6, and shone among whigs at Holland House; published the Plymlev Lettersin defence of catholic emancipation, 1807; settled at his living of Fosbrooke, near York, 1808; was given a prebend at Bristol, 1828, and made a canonresidentiary of St. Paul's, London, 1831; followed Paley iu theology; a reformer, but opposed the ballot; published sermons and other writings, taking a purely secular view of the religious establishment; known, liked, and honoured, for his manliness, honesty, and exuberant drollery and wit.

[143] Theophilus Ahijah Smith (1809–1879), philanthropist; sou of George Charles Smith; aided his father at SailorsSociety and became secretary of the Protestant Association.

[144] Theyre Townsend Smith (1798–1852), divine: originally a presbyterian; studied at Glasgow University and QueensCollege, Cambridge; M.A., 1830: became Hulscan lecturer, 1839, and vicar of Vymondham, 1848; published lectures and sermons.

[145] Sir Thomas Smith (1513–1577), statesman, scholar and author; became fellow of Queens' College, Cambridge, 1530; M.A., 1533; public orator at Cambridge, 1538; went to Paris and Padua (D.C.L. Padua), and endeavoured to reform Greek pronunciation at Cambridge; became regius professor of civil law and vice-chancellor, 1544; appointed secretary of state, 1548; knighted, 1548; went on several missions abroad; lived in retirement during Queen Mary's reign, and resigned his post as provost of Eton; sent ambassador to France by Queen Elizabeth, 1562, returning to England, 1566; readmitted to privy council, 1571, and reappointed secretary of state, 1572. Six years after his death was published (in English) his important work on the Tudor constitution, De Republica Anglorum.

[146] Sir Thomas Smith (1556?–1609), master of requests; M.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1578; became Latin secretary, and wt;s knighted in 1603.

[147] Sir Thomas Smith or Smythe (1558?-1625),, merchant; son of a Loud on haberdasher; acquired wealth by trade; elected first governor of East India Company, October 1600: acquitted of the charge of complicity in Essex's rebellion; knighted, 1603; re-elected governor, 1603, and made trear-irer of Virginia Company, 1620; amassed a fortune and endowed a free school and charities atTonbridge.

[148] Thomas Smith (fl. 1600–1627), soldier ; published The Art of Gunnery 1600 (with additions, 1627).

[149] Thomas Smith (1615–1702), bishop of Carlisle: M.A. Queen's College, Oxford, 1639; chaplain to Charles II: became dean, 1672, and, 1684, bishop of Carlisle: endowed Carlile grammar school.

[150] Thomas Smith (1. 1708), captain in the navy and renegade; did good service by gaining intelligence of French fleet off Brest, 1693; obtained a small command, but was neglected and eventually dismissed for irregularities in 1703; joined a French privateer, 1707, captured the English ship Nightingale, and in her was taken and subsequently executed.

[151] Thomas Smith (1638–1710), nonjuring divine and scholar; became a fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford, 1667; M.A., 1663; D.D., 1683: went for three years toConstantinople as chaplain, 1668; was ejected from Magdalen as nn anti-papist in 1688, but refused to subscribe oaths to William and Mary; became librarian of the Cottonian Library; wrote learned works on the Turks, 1672, on the Seven Churches and on the Greek church r left valuable books and manuscripts to his friend Thomas Hearne.

[152] Thomas Smith (d. 1762), admiral ; obtained popularity by compelling a French corvette to salute British flag near Plymouth, 1728; became commander-in-chief iir the Downs, 1755, and next year presided at court-martini of Admiral Byng; admiral of the blue, 1757.

[153] Thomas Smith (. 1767), known as B Derby landscape-painter: paint. Derbyshire, Cumberland, and Yorkshire..:

[154] Thomas Assheton Smith (1776–1858), sportsman; of Eton and Christ Church, Oxford: M.IVAndover, iwi-si, OarnarTOWblre, 1832-41; a great cricketer: hagaa* mart* of Goon trasfe liM Lt,x. BaopaUn pa.-k ut Penton, 1826, and afterward* at Ted worth; greatly improved bin Carnarvonshire estate*, and Intro SjMd onto ta MM Uii. 14J

[155] Thomas Barry Cusack-Smith - (179S-1MI), judge: son of Sir William Cusac Smith [q. v.]; B.A., Trinity College, Dublin, 1811; twouM tttoni. iMBrf for Ireland, 1842; prosecuted 0*0000011: M.P. for Klpoa; of the rolls.

[156] Thomas South Wood Smith (1788–1861), sanitary reformer; became Unitarian minister at Edinburgh and at the same time studied medicine, graduating M.D., i-;.: helped ko had ON Wwertnrtat Berl; 1SH The Useful Knowledge Soeteand Th *Jj'9i wrote valuable works on epldamlcs and sanitary improvements; Bentham left his body by will to Smith for Jim lion hi 183S.

[157] Walter Smith (. 152X author of an account (verse) of a roguish adventuress, "The Widow Bdyth, Tweloe Merry Ge*tys 1525.

[158] Wentworth Smith (. 1601–1623), dramatist ; wrote. In partnership with others, numerous plays for the Admiral's Company at the Rose Theatre, London: also wrote The Hector of Germanie (published, 1615) and one or two other plays printed as by W. Smith.

[159] William Smith or Smyth (1460?–1514), bishop of Lincoln and co-founder of Brasenose College, Oxford; educated in a noble family: became a member of Henry VH'a council. 1486; bishop of Coventry and Lichfield, 1493; chancellor of Oxford University. 1495; translated to Lincoln, 1496; became lord president of Wales, 1501; with Richard Button in 1518 founded Brasenose College, Oxford, the first statutes of which he drew up. He had made other charitable bequests, but is said to have peopled Lincoln Cathedral with William Smiths, probably his kinsmen.

[160] William Smith (. 1596), poet: a disciple of Spenser: published (1596) a collection of sonnets called 'Chloris'. One of these, a description of the world, hod appeared In "The Pbanlx-nest, 1 1595, signed *W. S., gentleman

[161] William Smith (1550?–1618), herald: educated at Oxford University: created Rouge Dragon, 1597; wrote on the county palatine of Chester, 1585 (work printed, 1656), besides many genealogical works.

[162] William Smith (fl. 1660), author; wrote, In defence of the Quakers, 4 The Wisdom of the Earthly Wise confounded, 1 1679.

[163] William Smith (rf. 1673), quaker ; joined quakers, 1658; frequently Imprisoned, many times in Nottingham gaol, where he wrote voluminous tracts.

[164] William Smith (fl. 1696), actor: joined the Duke of York's company under Sir William D'Avenant; created many part* In plays by Dryden, Etherege, Otway, and Lee; played successively at Dorset Garden, London, Theatre Royal, London, and Little Lincoln's Inn Fields, London: quitted the stage, 1685-95, owing to a cabal of Mohawks against him; was persuaded by Betterton and Congreve to reappear, and was cordially welcomed as Scandal in Love for Love

[165] William Smith (fl. 1726), surveyor to Royal African Company; issued a survey of Guinea, 1726.

[166] William Smith (1651?-1735) antiquary : fellow of University College, Oxford, 1675; M.A 1675: published Annals of his college, 1728.

[167] William Smith (1707–1764), painter ; brother of George Smith (1713-1776) of Chichester: practised portraiture in London and Gloucester.

[168] William Smith (1711–1787) translator from the Greek; M.A. New College, Oxford, 1737; D.D., 17W; feHMH l.-.-.nf ".. r. MB;,i'l.-1 i.:._:.. 1...:....... V,..;,....;..

[169] William Smith (1730?-1819), actor; * -.:..,,:!...., OeVeferUbm vhsMi hi M PS*** if M - oast Ipnojej Barry; after playing there twenty-one years appeared at Drury Lane. London, under Garrick as Btohar ,...,;..;...,........:.;.,;., notoriety by marrying the steer of a 1774, ,;

[170] William Smith (1756–1834) politician : son of a crobant; M.P. Sudbury. 1784-90. Camelford, irx..:.!.:r-.. ir... ISM, la. ". If, -. LSOr, ISIS,:-. 18JO, and 1826-30: became a follower of Fox, a defender :!:-.--...--. --..;..;..r: opposed the war with France: attacked Souther ns a reneemde: friend of Samuel Rogers, Wilberforce, Sir James Stephen, Opie, and Cotman.

[171] William Smith (1769-1839), geologist and engineer; obtained as a oanal surveyor a great insight into stratigraphy, and projected a grmt map of Biwllsh became known as an authority on drainage and Irr an extensive practice as an published, 1816, obtaining by it wide fame as a geologist: gave lectures from 1824-8, when he became land-steward of the Haokness estate; obtained the Wollaston medal. 1831. and a pension from the government; his fossils bought by the British Museum; the real founder of stratigraphical geology.

[172] William Smith (1808–1876). printseller: sold the Sheepshanks (Dutch and Flemish portions) and other collections of engravings to British Museum,and took part in managing the Art Union of Londou atvl In establishing the National Portrait Gallery; F.S.A., 1852.

[173] Sir William Smith (1813–1893), lexicographer; educated at University College, London, and Gray's Inn; contributed toPenny Cyclopedia edited classical texts, and wrote a lar re portion of Smith's Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities(1842); brought oat subsequently dictionaries of Greek and Roman biography, ot the bible, of Ctiristian antiquities and Christian biography: became adviser to John Murray, Initiating the Principle series and the * Student's manuals: knighted, 1892; annotated Gibbon; editor of the Quarterly Review 1367-93.

[174] William Smith (1816–1896), actuary and translator of Fichte; was apprenticed to a bookseller, but became in 1847 manager of the Law Life Assurance Association; win known in Edinburgh as a strong liberal; mode a mark in letters by translating the works of Fichte for John Chapman's Catholic Series

[175] Sir William Cusac Smith, second baronet (1766-1836), Irish judge; of Eton and Chrixt Chu ford; B.A., 1788; a friend of Hiirke: was made i. entered parliament (Donegal). 1795: rolici tor-general, 1800; baron of exchequer. 1HU1; unsuccessfully attacked for showing political bias by o'Connell: wrote verm and pamphlets iu defence of union.

[176] William Henry Smith (1808–1872), philosopher and poet; educated at Glasgow; knew M. Mill; wrote largely forHlackwood is known by two philosophical dialogues,Thorndale* and * Gravcnhiirrt, 1857 and 1861, and by the memoir prviixcd to Graveahurst In 1875 by Smith's widow.

[177] William Henry Smith (1825–1891 Xt*teman : entered his father's news agency business in Strand. l*il (junior partner, 1846): developed profits enormously by pecuring railway bookstall monopoly, and developing a circulating library: M.P. for Westminster from 186*; member of first Londou school board, 1Disraeli's cabinet as first lord of admiralty, 1877: first lord of treasury and leader of the House: un IT Imi Salisbury as premier In 1886. His widow WM created Viscountess Hambleden, 1891.

[178] William Robertson Smith ( 1846-1 894 X theologian and Semitic scholar: educated at Aberdfv burgh (New College), and Bonn: was also much Uv by RitMhlfltfl MtafH bMm(lS70)praAi r of Old Testament exegesis at the Free Church College, AbenlcctMin.l: member of the Old Tetament revision commiuuissed from his Aberdeen chair in : character of his biblical articles in .taiiniealth *!), of which work be became co-editor with Spencer Bayiies. in issl; proof Arabic at Cambridge from 1883.

[179] Sir William Sidney Smith, known as Smith (1764–1840) admiral ; entered navy, 1777: fought at St. Vincent, 1780, at Dominica, 1782; studied French at Caen, 1785-7; pent home with despatches after evacuation of Toulon, 1793; captured off Havre in 179G while conducting a cutting-out expedition from the Diamond frigate and imprisoned two years in the Temple, Paris; upon his escape, 1798, was put in command of the Tigre in Levant: undertook defence of Saint Jean d'Acre, May 1799, and finally after heroic efforts repulsed the French: served subsequently mainly in Mediterranean and Lisbon; theatrical and fond of self-laudation, but brave and energetic: admiral, 1821; G.O.6., 1838: died at Paris and was buried in the Pere Lachaise.

[180] William Tyler Smith (1816–1873), obstetrician; M.B. London, 1840: M.D., 1848; became physician at St. Mary's Hospital; wrote for Lancet and expanded his papers into Manual of Obstetrics 1858; helped to found Obstetrical Society of London, and tried to promote Seaford into a popular watering-place,

[181] Willoughby Smith (1828–1891), telegraphic engineer; entered Gutta Percha Company service and had charge of cable-laying and electrical department, introducing many improvements; assisted in laying Dover and Calais cables, 1849-51; wrote on. theProgress of Submarine Telegraphy 1891.

[182] James George Smith-Neill (1810–1857). See Neill.

[183] Harriet Constance Smfthson (afterwards Madame Berlioz) (1800–1854), actress : born at Eniiis ; first seen at the Crow Street Theatre, Dublin, in 1815, when she played Lady Teazle: was engaged by Elliston at Birmingham, and appeared at Drury Lane, London, on 20 Jan. 1818 as Letitia Hardy; seen to great advantage in the provinces in such parts as Desdemona; played at Boulogne and Calais, 1824, and in 1828 accompanied Macready to Paris; reappeared there at the Theitre Italien- and *leou in 1832, playing Jane Shore, Juliet, and Ophelia, and created a furore of some months duration at Paris, where her Irish accent was unperceived. Hector Berlioz, the composer, became enamoured of la belle Smidson and in October 1833 married her at the British embassy, Paris. She was separated from her husband in 1840, but was supported by him until her death.

[184] Sir Hugh Smithson , afterwards Percy, first Duke of Northumberland, of the third creation (17151786).

[185] James Smithson , known in early life as James Lewis or Louis Macie (1765–1829), founder of Smithsonian Institution at Washington; illegitimate son of Hugh Smithson Percy, duke of Northumberland; torn in France but matriculated from Pembroke College, Oxford, as James Louis Macie in 1782; was already distinguished as a student of mineralogy and chemistry by 1786; F.R.S., 1786; contributed valuable analyses to the 4 Philosophical Transactions(1802-17), and eighteen articles to Thomson's Annals of Philosophy(1819-25); spent much time abroad in Berlin, Rome, Florence, Geneva, and, latterly, Paris, among his correspondents being Davy, Gilbert, Banks, Thomson, Black, Arago, Biot, and Klaproth; died and was buried at Genoa. His politics appear to have been republican, and by his will he lft over 100.000. to the United States of America to found at Washington, as the Smithsonian Institution, an establishment for the increase and diffusion of knowledge. The institution was inaugurated in 1846, and the handsome buildings now comprise a national museum (mainly soological and ethnological) and an astrophysical observatory. His own scientific papers nearly all perished in a fire at the institution in 1865.

[186] Caspar Smitz (rf. 1707?), painter; of Flemish origin; exhibited fruit and flower pieces, also small portrait*, and penitent Magdalenes, mainly in London and Dublin.

[187] Sir James Smollett (1648–1731), provost of Dumbarton; an active supporter of the revolution: knighted ty William 111, luy.s. and made judge of commissary court, Edinburgh: commissioner of the union,. 1707; M.I, Dumbarton; settled at Bonuill.

[188] Tobias George Smollett (1721–1771), novelist ; grandson of Sir James Smollett; born at Dalquhurn, Cardross; educated at Glasgow University: proceeded to London with a play to make his fortune, 1 7.T.): sailed as surgeon on the Cumberland in Ogle's West Indii, squadron, 1741-3; settled as surgeon in Downing Street; publishedRoderick Random a novel of eccentric and picaresque order, inspired by Gil Bias 1748; published 'Peregrine Pickle 1751,Ferdinand Count Fathom 1753,Sir Launcelot Greaves 1762, andHumphrey Clinker 1771; settled at Chelsea, 1753, and undertook vast labours as a compiler, founding The Critical Heview 1756, and bringing out a largeHistory of Englandin 1757; imprisoned for libel, 1759; edited tiunsuccessful Briton 1762; went abroad, 1763, and published ably written Travels 1766, and a coarse and ruthless satire on public affairs in England from 1754 to 1769 entitledAd ventures of an Atom 1769; revisited Scotland and Bath in 1766; left England, 1769, and died at Mmt. Nero, near Leghorn, on 17 Sept. 1771. As a novelist he had a vigorous originality and power of characterisation which often degenerated into caricature; few imaginative; writers have had more numerous imitators,

[189] Charles Piazzi Smyth (1819–1900), astronomer; son of William Henry Smyth q. v; born at Naples; assistant in Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope, 1835; astronomer-royal for Scotland, 18451888; made experiments at Teneriffe on telescopic vision, 1856; elected F.R.S., 1857, but resigned, 1874, on tho society denying him the reading of a paper on his interpretation of the design of theGreat Pyramid member of Royal Astronomical Society, 1846; hou. LL.D. Edinburgh: published Our Inheritance in the Great Pyramid 1864,. Teneriffe, an Astronomical Experiment 1858, and numerous other writings.

[190] Edward Smyth (1749–1812), sculptor; son of a Meath stonecutter; worked under Simon Vierpyl and Henry Darley, and was employed by James Gandon toexecute sculpture for the Dublin custom house (1700-70). for the Irish parliament house, the town courts, the castle chapel, O'Connell Bridge, and other buildings. 1-1821 ),medi

[191] James Carmichael Smyth (1741- 1821) Medical writer; born in Fifeshire; M.D. Edinburgh, 1764: travelled abroad; appointed physician to the Middlesex Hospital, 1768; voted 5,OOO£. by parliament (1802) for experiments with nitrous acid gas for prevention of contagion in cases of fever; wrote several treatises on this subject, 1780 and 1805, establishing his claim to priority as a discoverer; added his mother's name Smyth to his own surname Carmichael; was one of George Ill's physicians: F.R.S., 1779.

[192] Smyth Sm JAMES CARMICHAEL, first baronet (1779-1838), governor of British Guiana; eldest son of James Carmichael Smyth; entered the royal artillery from Woolwich, 1794: transferred to royal engineers, 1795; after service against the Dutch in South Africa (1790) was promoted and (1805) joined Sir David Baird's. expedition to the Cape of Good Hope as commanding royal engineer; was absent from the battle of Blaauw-* ber-r, but greatly assisted Baird after the surrender of Capetown, and repaired the defences of Table Bay: was with Sir John Moore at Coruna; served in the expedition to Holland, 1814; responsible for the assault of Bergen-op-Zoom on 8 March; subsequently strengthened Antwerp. and other fortresses against the French; served on Wellington's staff at Quatre Bras and Waterloo, entered Pari? with him, and commanded royal engineers at Cambray until December 1816; created baronet, 1821: made governor of the Bahamas, 1829, and of British Guiana. 1833, where he carried through with firmness the emancipation of slaves; died at George Town, Demerara.

[193] John Smyth ( 1771?-l834?), sculptor; son of Edward Smyth; executed statues for public buildings in Dublin.

[194] Smyth JOHN ROWLAND (1806-1873), lieutenant general; educated at Trinity Coll.v, Dublin; n.t.-n-l If.th liUKvrs, IM-JI; Nrrv.il.11 Canada:uil in tti. (1843) and Siithrj (1846) campaign*; budly -. Aliwal Iwidiiika -h;irge with ma regiment ag. Sikh cavalry;.-..luii.-l of Ctu dragoon guards, 1868; lieutenant-general, 1870.

[195] John Talfourd Smyth lM9?-1851) a self-taught but finished engraver; worked njion plates tor th- Art.Journal after Wilkie, Mulready, and others at Edinburgh.

[196] Sir Leicester Smyth (1829–1891 X general ; educated at Eton; entered the rifle brigade, 1845; served in the Kaffir war, lighting at Berea, 1862: wa aide-de-camp to Lord Raglan, fought at Alma atid Inkerman. and brought home despatches on the (all of SebMtopol; assistant military secretary in UM Ionian island*, 18Mi-;i. oomnanbd at th.-V.i;.., 1880 I; MM tt ih commissioner for South Africa. 1883-3; K.C.M.G., 1884; general, 1888; K.OA, 1886; appointed governor of Gibraltar. Llni. 188

[197] Patrick James Smyth (18J6-1886), IrUh politician: joined the Repeal Association, 1844, siding with the Young Ireland party: after the failure of the insurrection of 1848 escaped to America disguised u a drover: wrote for Irish journals In America; visited Tasmania and planned the escape of John Mltchel: returned to Ireland, 1856, and for a short time owned "The Irishman M.P., Westmeath, 1871-8U, Tippernry, 1880-8; a founder of the Royal Geographical Society ( 1890), a - of the Society of nt i i.iri.*, cxmtril IIUIII.T..I- j,:i.-r- t I.-,-.- also onTlH- Cy.-l.- of Vl.-t: galnM i!.- *u....... raneair i I -., rlM?).

[198] Richard Smyth (1826–1878), Irish politician: studied at Bonn and Glasgow (M.A., 1850): became (1870) Dill professor of theology, Magee College, Londonderry, and moderator of the presbyterian church: supported Gladstone's Irish policy as M.P. for Londonderry, 1874-8.

[199] Robert Brough Smyth (18:iO-1889), mining surveyor; worked In Derwent ironwork?, migrated to Victoria, 1852, and became secretary and inspector of mines (1870) and director of geological fnrvey; went subsequently to India and helped to promote a disastrous boom in gold-mines there: wrote Ituudbooks for prospectors and handbooks to gold-fields, and a work on aborigines of Victoria, 1878.

[200] Sir Warington Wilkinson Smyth (1817–1890), mineralogist: born nt Naples: son of William HiMirv Smyth: M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1844: studied geology In Germany on Wort* foundation, and was appointed mining geologist to the geological survey, 1844; appointed (1851) lecturer on mining in the school of mines, and Inspector of crown mineral?, 1857; appointed mineral surveyor to tho duchy of Cornwall, of which he liad an unrivnlle.1 geological knowledge, 1852; knighted, 1887; wrote, besides a treatise on coal-mining (1866), a pleasant record ofA Year with the Turks(1854), describing his own travels of ten years back. UN- 19 1

[201] William Smyth (1765–1849), professor of modern history at Cambridge;: son of a Liverpool banker; eighth wrangler, Peterhouse, Cambridge, 1787: M.A., 1790; his father's bank having failed, went as tutor to Richard Brinsley Sheridan's elder son Thomas, and had frequent skirmishes with the great wit while attempting to obtain arrears of salary; was tutor of Peterhouse, 1806; made regius professor of modern history, 1807. His lectures on modern history (2 vols. 1840) were revised by Professor Adam Sedgwlck; his lectures on tin- Fn-noh revolution were published, 1840. He was very popular in society, talked well, gave concerts, and wrote verses, publishing English Lyrics in 1797.

[202] William Henry Smyth (1788–1865), admiral and scientific writer; served in Kast India Company's ship Cornwallis, 1804; was transferred in it to the navy. 1805; saw active service in the East: after service off Spain made commander, 1815. and appointed to rorvey coasts of Sicily and adjacent shores of Italy and Africa, his results appearing In aMemoir of the Resources, Inhabitants, and Hydrography of Sicily and its Islands and 'A Sketch of Sardinia 1828 -.promoted post-captain and retired from active service. Devoting himself to tin- life of a savant, he became vice-president of the Royal.Society, St. John's College, Cambridge, where be wrote promising verse; M.A. jure natalium, 1840; M.P., Canterbury, 1841; became one of Disraeli's Young England party, and { was the type of the heroin Coningsby, 1844; became foreign under-secretary In Peel's second ministry, followed Peel in 1846, broke with Disraeli's party, and committed political suicide by his abstention from debate; fought with Colonel Frederick Komllly the last duel In England, 1852: from 1847 wrote much and brilliantly in I the press (especiallyMorning Chronicle and in the reviews. 8MYTHE, JAMES MOORE (1702-1734), playwright; i third son of Arthur Moore: a well-known fop of the Queen Anne period: wrote for Drury Lane Theatre, London, a dull comedy, 1 The Hival Modes(January 1727), which brought him 400. (for hU creditors) and the lasting resentment of Pope (seeDunciadand second Moral Essay.

[203] David Smythe, Lord Methven (1746–180$),' raised to Scots bench as Lord Methven, ..:.:.:.,. 17!n.

[204] Emily Anne Smythe, viscountess Strangford (d. 1887), daughter of Hlr Francis Beaof : married Percy Ellen Frederick daughter of Kir Francis Beaofor i,,.,rr:..l I:.-. I..:,,, MsJtfM W.K.ain Chth vlaooont Ktrangfonl of Ireland q. v.), descendant of the Beaufort* of the erosads* VM 1+fW l.y tl.,.,..itr..,r,-. o:.I.rt,.,:.-m t!.,-.,r.j,-r Of tfal Holy Sepulchre: organised a fund for the relief of the Bulgarian peasants, 187; went to the seat of war in Turkey, 1877, in order to superintend a hospital she bad established for Turkish soldiers: died at IBB. SbepnbllshedEgyptian Sepulchres ami Syrian Shrine* 186L and a work on the eastern snores of the Adriatic. :

[205] George Augustus Frederick Percy Sydney Smythe, seventh viscount Strangford and second Baron Penshurst (1818-1857) born at Stockholm, where his father was minister: went to Eton and lost popularity in Ireland through his hostility to Parnell uud the Land League.

[206] Percy Clinton Sydney Smythe, sixth Viscount Strangford and first Baron Penshurst (1780-1855). diplomatist; entered the service fromTrum I lege, Dublin (B.A 1800), and became secretary of legation i at Lisbon, 1802; published Poems from the Portuguese I of Camoens a smooth version (often reissued), 1U03; while at Lisbon counselled prince regent of Portugal to sail for Brazil (November 1807), and later, at Canning's desire, drew up a report, which was much contested, of Portuguese situation; became ambawador at Stockholm, I 1817, at Constantinople, 1820; and at St. Petersburg fora few months only, 1824: friend of Moore, Croker, and I Rogers: devoted his leisure Utterly to literature, and I edited Household Expenses of Princes* Elisabeth for Camden Society.

[207] Percy Ellen Frederick William Smythe, eighth Viscount Strangford and third Baron Penshurst (1826-1889) philologist; youngest son of Perry Clinton Sydney Smythe, sixth viscount Strangford ? went from Merton College, Oxford, as stodent attach* at Constantinople, and became oriental ecretanr there, 8571868: mastered Fenian, Gret-k, Turkish, Arabic, Hindustani, and other extern tongm*: wrote brill, topici of the near East, mainly forPall Mall Gazette and contributed chapters toEastern Shores of the Adriatic(1863), written by his wife, Emily Anne, vtacountess Strangford

[208] Sir Sidney Stafford Smythe (1705–1778) judge: B.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, from Inner Temple, 1724; became K.aaud a and M.P. for East Grinrtead, 1747; chief baron, 1772; resigned, 1777.

[209] William James Smythe (1816–1887), general; entered Woolwich from Antrim, 1880; obtained coming rion In royal artillery, 1881; served in Kaffir war, 183&, St. Helena, Nova Scotia, and on royal comnMon upon; Military education abroad, 1856; went to Fiji to report OMNtcenion to Kiurhm.l, 1*39; made meteorological observations, and iilH-rvi.M'i lis wife Sarah.Maria Smythe's Ten Months in Fiji Islands(1864); after four years in India Kitted in Ireland; colonel, R.A., 1880, retired general, 1881; left S,OOW. to the Royal Irish Academy,

[210] Charles Alan Smythies (1844–1894), bishop of Zniizitwr: born In London; educated at Felsted, Trinity Oolleoe. Cambridge (B.A., 1866), and Cuddeedon; became vicarof Roath, near Cardiff, 1880; sailed for Zanzibar as Mcond bishop of universities mission in Central Africa, in succession to Bishop Edward Steere, 1884; worked with the jrreateat energy at organising the mission and training native teachers, travelling thousands of miles on foot; raised 11,000* in England for a suffragan bishop for Nyasa district, 1890; succumbed to malarial fever, May 1894, and was buried at sea between Zanzibar and Aden.

[211] Thomas Snagge (1536–1592), speaker of House of Commons; barrister, Gray's Inn, 1554: at Gray's Inn, IMS,double reader 1574; M.P., Bedfordshire, 1571; attorney-general for Ireland, 1577-80; serjeant-at-law and treasurer of his inn, 1580, being at the time M.P. for Bedford; was chosen speaker, holding the office for two session*, 1588.

[212] Andrew Snape (1675-1742), provost of King's College, Cambridge; educated at Eton and King's College, Cambridge: M.A., 1697; D.D., 1705; master of Eton, 1711; gave offence at court by his attacks on Benjamin Hoadly (1676-1761),and was removed from the list of royal chaplains; chosen provost of King's College, Cambridge, 1719.

[213] Edmund Snape (ft. 1576–1608), puritan : went to Jersey and framed a Calvinistic discipline for Huguenot ministers there; M.A. Merton College, Oxford, 1584; summoned with Oartwright before high commission for attempting to introduce presby terian usages into England, and was imprisoned for a short while, 1590.

[214] William Snatt (1645–1721), nonjuring divine; graduated from Magdalen College, Oxford (B. A, 1664); vicar of Seaford, loll); associated with Jeremy Collier in giving absolution to Parkyns and Friend, conspirators against William III in 1696; found guilty of serious misdemeanour, but treated leniently.

[215] Hannah Snell (1723-1 792), female soldier; stated in a chap-book history of her adventures, issued in 1750, to have enlisted in 1745, to have served in the fleet, and to have received a pension for wounds received at Pondicherry. The facts were much embellished, but there was probably a kernel of truth as in the cases of Phoebe Hessel, Christian Davies, and Mary Anne Talbot. Hannah, who was thrice married, died in Bedlam.

[216] John Snell (1629–1679), founder of Snell exhibitions at Balliol College, Oxford; studied at Glasgow University; fought on the royalist side at Worcester; secretary to Monmouth; left estates in trust for the further education of Glasgow scholars at Oxford. In 1G93 chanoery decided that Suell exhibitions should go to Balliol College. riiii. 206

[217] Thomas Snelling (1712-1773), numismatist; nokl book and coins, on which he wrote several treatises published, 1757-76, at 163 Fleet Street, London; chief works, threeViews respectively of silver, gold, and copper coins of England, 1762, 1763, 1766.

[218] John Snetzler or Johann (1710?-1774?), organ-builder; native of Passau; settled in England and built fine organs at Lynn (1754), Halifax (1766), and St. 'Martin's, Leicester (1774).

[219] John Snow (1813–1858), anaesthetist; M.D. London, 1844; discovered that cholera was communicated by contaminated water, and introduced scientific use of ether (firrt adopted in America) into English surgery practice, 4846-7; publishedChloroform and other Anesthetics 1868.

[220] William Parker Snow (1817–1895), mariner, explorer, and writer; born at Poole; after a wild life in the Australian bush and in West Africa became a literary amanuensis in London, transcribing for Macaulay the flrrt two volumes of the History; served on a Franklin vessel, 1850, and subsequently on a missionary ship off Patagonia; wrote for New York booksellers I between 1858 and 1864; wrote also on Arctic subjects ami on (1857)Tierradel Fuego

[221] John Snowden (1558–1626). See John Cecil (priest).

[222] Henry Soames (1785–1860), ecclesiastical historian; son of a shoemaker; passed from St. IVil's School, London, to Wadham College, Oxford (M.A., IHlu); became Bamptoii lecturer and chancellor of St. Paul's, London, 1842; edited Mosheim, 1841 (4th ed. by Stulihs, 1863), and wrote History of Reformation 1826-8, A nloSaxoii Church 1835, and Elizabethan Religious History 1839.

[223] George Soane (1790–1860), miscellaneous author ; son of Sir John Soane; B.A. Pembroke College, Cambridge, 1811; writer of numerous novels, plays, and translations.

[224] Sir John Soane (1753–1837), founder of Soane Museum; son of a mason named Swan; taken into George Dance's office; gained Royal Academy silver medal for nn architectural drawing, and went to Rome in 1777 as travelling student; after a wealthy marriage became, in 1788, architect of the Bank of England, rebuilding the whole structure and gaining a great reputation for the work; R.A., 1802; succeeded Dance as professor of architecture at the Academy, 1806, and began to collect the museum of paintings (including Hogarth'sRake's Progress and Election, sculpture, drawings, and gems in a house in Lincoln's Inn Fields, which in 1833 he presented with its contents to the nation; knighted, 1831. In philanthropic endeavour Soane was munificent, but he is said to have declined a baronetcy in order to spite his son George Soane

[225] Gerard Soest (d. 1681), portrait-painter ; native of Soest, near Utrecht; came to London in 1656 and obtained many commissions; painted Colonel Blood and Bishop Cartwright, and might have rivalled Lely but for his uncouth demeanour.

[226] Daniel Charles Solander (1736–1782), botanist: native of Norrland, in Sweden; noticed by Linnaeus at Upsala, and recommended by him to naturalists in England, where he arrived in 1760; familiarised English botanists with Linnean system, and was made assistant-librarian to catalogue naturalhistory collections at British Museum, employing a deputy there from 1768, when he accompanied (Sir) Joseph Banks on Cook's voyage in Endeavour; went with Banks to Iceland, 1772, and became his secretary and librarian in Soho Square, London, until in 1773 he was made keeper of printed books at the British Museum.

[227] Moses Solanus or MOISE DU SOUL (d. 1735?), Greek scholar; a refugee from Saumur; came from Amsterdam to England; was encouraged by Bentley; projected an elaborate Lucian and published a fine edition of Plutarch's Lives (5 vols. London, 1729).

[228] William Sole (1741-1802), botanist; educated at King's School, Ely; went as surgeon to Bath to be near his relative, Christopher Anstey the poet; studied grasses, and issued (1798) his chief botanical work, Menthae Britannicae

[229] Edward Solly (1819–1886), chemist and antiquary; studied chemistry at Berlin; lectured at Royal Institution, 1841; publishedRural Chemistry 1843; professor of chemistry at Addiscombe, 1845-9; had a large antiquarian library; wrote much in Notes and Queries and edited Titles of Honour (1879) for Index Society.

[230] Samuel Solly (1805–1871), surgeon; son of Isaac Solly, a Baltic merchant; apprenticed to Benjamin Travers of St. Thomas's Hospital, London, and became surgeon and lecturer there (1853). He was F.R.S; (1836) and president of Royal Medical and Chirurgieal Society, 1867-8. A good clinical teacher and operator, he wroteSurgical Experiences 1865, and prof, -s OM;II treatises.

[231] Thomas Solly (1816–1875), philosophical writer ; after studying at Caiut* College, Cambridge, ami Inner Temple (barrister, 1841), became lecturer on English language and literature at Berlin University, 1843; published a Syllabus of Logic 1839,A Coronal of English Verse 1864, and other works, and contributed to Coon's Shakespeare in Germany

[232] Thomas Solme or Soleman (d. 1541). See Soulemont.

[233] Thomas Solme (fl. 1540-1553), see Some.

[234] Heinrich Maastricht Solms, count of Solms-Braufels (1636-1693) general in the Dutch service;.-ntered Dutch army, e. 167U, ro*e to be general, 1680, sailed with Prince of Orange, October 1688, and led Dutch guards into Westminster; be was distinguished at the Iioyne, but much cemmrul for not supporting English brigade under Mackay at Steinkirk; died from a cannon-shot woand at Neerwinden.

[235] '^ Abraham Solomon (18M-1862), painter; learned bis art in SaaCs school, Bloomsbury, London; exhibited game ami costume canvases regularly nt Hoyal Academy, 1841-62. He waa a good colourUt, and sltowed.marked advance in some of hi* luU-r pictures, especially * Waiting for the Verdict 1857.

[236] Saint Solus (.. 700?), on English monk who settled in Suabia under Charles the Great.

[237] Robert Some (1542–1609), master of IVterhotwc, Cambridge; fellow of QueensCollege, Cambridge, IMS; M.A., 1505; D.D.. I.-.HU; appointed marter of Peterbonse, Cambridge, 1589, and wa* vice-chancellor four time*; steered a middle courm? between hih Aiiu'licun-i un.l puritans; wrote a Treatise of tin- - 1682), and, trir.l to interpose us moderator m Mar-1'relate controversy i (1688).

[238] Thomas Some or Solme (fl. 1540-1563) protestant divine; an unwilling monk, took up advanced protestant views; an active preacher under Edward VI; fled abroad on Mary's accession; his treatise, the Lord's Flail burned by Bonner, 1546.

[239] Henry Somer (fl. 1407-1413), chancellor of the exchequer; friend of Hoccleve and possibly of Chaucer; made baron of exchequer, 1407, chancellor, 1413.

[240] John Somer , Semur, or Somerarius (fl. 1380) Minorite astronomer; of Oxford; wrote a calendar, dated 1380, with astronomical tables.

[241] Paul van Somer (1576–1621 ). See Van Somer.

[242] Lawrence Somercote, Swinercote or Somerton (fl. 1254) canonist; canon of Chicbester, 1247; wrote on " Canonical Election of Bishops 1254.

[243] Robert Somercote or Ummarcote (d. 12-11), cardinal; of English birth; favoured by Langton, entered papal curia and was made cardinal by Gregory IX, 1238.

[244] Somerled, lord of the Isles (d. 1164). See Sumerled.

[245] '^ Edmund Sigismund Somers (1759?-1824) physician: studied at Dublin and Eiliuburgh; M.I). 1-xl-nl.iii-L'h, 1783; hcrved in Jamaica and in Peninsula under Wellington.

[246] Sir George Somers or Summers (1554–1610), discoverer of Bermudas; served on buccaneering voyage under Sir Amyas de Preston: took part in Voyage, 1597; knighted, 1003; commanded a fleet conveying settlers for Virginia, as one of founders of South Virginia Company, 1609; wrecked on Bermudas or Summer islands; took possession of islands for king of England in July, 1609; died there; his shipwreck and sojourn in Bermudas commemorated by Silvef ter Jottrdain, whence Shakespeare derived some details of The Tempest

[247] John Somers or Sommers, BARON SOMERS (1C61-1716). lord chancellor of England; sou of John Somers, a Worcestershire attorney: educated at Worcester Cathedral school and Trinity College, Oxford; called to the bar from Middle Temple, 1676: counsel for seven bishops, June 1688; M.P., Worcester, 1689; asserted virtual abdication of James II, aud presided over the drafting of the Declaration of Rights: ninde rolicitorgeneral and knighted, 1689; became lord-keeper, 1693, member of the Kit-Cat Club and friend ninl patron of Addison, Congrcve, Steele, Vertue, Tindal, Rymer, and, for a time, Swift, who dedicated to him the Tale of a Tub 1704; with Montagu, Locke, and Newton planned ia 1695 the reform of the currency; lord high chancellor of England, 1697; created Baron Somers of Evesham, 1697; po seraed great influence, aecood only to that of Sunderlu. u one of the council , irturn in 1696 shared his unpopularity as the abettor of a policy ncceaiU.. army, and after repeat* attacks by the country party be had to surrender tbe great ami, IftO; a demand ralesd in 1700 for bU Impeachment on account of bis share te the secret partition treatie* of 16VH: was acquitted. ami would have been restored to power but for William Ill's death, upon which he Joined the whig party, exert influence, eseciall in aw Influence, especially in settling term* of iiiiton with Scotland. 1707; suoni president of the i 708; fell with the junto in the autumn of 1710. was a great lawyer, bat his Influence and capacity as a statesman have perhaps been unduly magnified by Macaulay and other His four political tract* of 181 are models of lucid presentation.

[248] Robert Somers (1812–1891), journalist; edited Scottish Herald 1844, and after iu amalgamation with the Witness managed that paper un.hr Hugh ; from 1*49 to 1859 aliu-d -North British Daily Mall; wrote for Encyclopaedia Britannic*

[249] Richard Somersham (d. 1531). See Richard Bayfield.

[250] Dukes of Somerset . See BI:AI H UT. JOHN, first DI-KK, 1403-1444; BKAI-KHUT, KHMIM, second DUKK, . 1455; BKAUVORT, HKNKY, thinl IM-KK, 1436-14A4; SEYMOUR, EDWARD, first DUKE of the.symour family, 1506 7-1552; SKYUOUR, WILLIAM, second DUKK, 15HH1660; SBYMOIMC. CII.-.RLKR, sixth DUKK, 1662-1748; SKTMOUR, AUJKUNON, seventh DUKK, 1684-1750; SKTMOUR, EDVAKI ADOI.IMII s, eleventh DUKK, 177*1855; SKYMciuit, KuwAitn Ai).n.riit, twelfth DUKE, 1804-1886.

[251] Earlr Somerset or. Bee MOHUX, WIUJAM DK, .f. 1141: fiKAVFOKT, JOHN, first EARL, 1373 7-1410; CARH, ROBERT, d. 1645.

[252] Charles Somerset, Earl of Worcester (1460?-1526), bastard son of Henry Beaufort, third duke of Somerset: fought at Bos worth, and waft employed by Henrv VII on important embus* ies, 1490-1504; .-hainU -rluin a Lord Herbert of Raglan, 1M5: negotiated with Louis XII. Maximilian, and Charles V, 1515-18; created Earl of Worcester, 1514.

[253] Kdward Somerset , fourth Earl of Worcester (1563-1628), great-grandson of Charles Somerset, earl of Worcester; succeeded E**ex as Qneen Elizabeth's master of the borre, 1601; examined conspirators of 1605: became lonl privy seal, 1610, and was great chamberlain at Charles 1's coronation.

[254] Edwakd Somerset . sixth Earl and second Marquis of Worcester and titular Earl of Glamorgan (1601-1667), as Lord Herbert served for Charles I in South Wales and garrisoned Raglnu Castle; defeated by Waller at Highnam, March 1643: created Karl of Glamorgan, 1644, and selected by Charles I to distribute honours aud raise troops in Ireland; poesihly exceeded bie oomuiitKion (which Charles I eventually dUnvowed, 1646) by throwing himself into the arm* of Rinuccinl and the ultramontane party in Ireland; bis appointment aa lord-lieutenant requested of Charles I by the papal nuncio, but the Anglo-Irish preferred Ormonde; uent to Paris, 1648; compelled by his narrow means to return to England, 1652; impri*onl for two years, but released In October 1664. and later given a pension of W. a weak: recovered the bulk of his estates at the Restoration, and gave his time to mechanical experiments: published (1663) hi*Century of Inventions, 1 written in 1654, in which he suggested a calculating machine (No. K4 )and an hydraulic machine (No. 68)for driving up water by fire This wa* a very ingenious adumbration of a steam pumping-engim-, but there is no evidence of any practical attempt by Worcester to give effect to such an idea.

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