William IV

William IV
William in Garter Robes with his right hand on his sword and St Edward's Crown and sceptre beside him on a cushion resting on a covered table; in the distance to the right is a view of Windsor Castle.
Portrait by Martin Archer Shee, 1833
King of the United Kingdom
Reign26 June 1830 – 20 June 1837
Coronation8 September 1831
PredecessorGeorge IV
SuccessorVictoria
King of Hanover
Reign26 June 1830 – 20 June 1837
PredecessorGeorge IV
SuccessorErnest Augustus
ViceroyPrince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge
Born(1765-08-21)21 August 1765
Buckingham House, London, England
Died20 June 1837(1837-06-20) (aged 71)
Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England
Burial8 July 1837
Spouse
(m. 1818)
Issue
more...
Names
William Henry
HouseHanover
FatherGeorge III
MotherCharlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
ReligionProtestant
SignatureCursive signature of William IV
Military career
AllegianceGreat Britain
Service / branchRoyal Navy
Years of active service1779–1790
RankRear admiral (active service)
Commands
Battles / warsBattle of Cape St. Vincent

William IV (William Henry; 21 August 1765 – 20 June 1837) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and King of Hanover from 26 June 1830 until his death in 1837. The third son of George III, William succeeded his elder brother George IV, becoming the last king and penultimate monarch of Britain's House of Hanover.

William served in the Royal Navy in his youth, spending time in British North America and the Caribbean, and was later nicknamed the "Sailor King". In 1789, he was created Duke of Clarence and St Andrews. Between 1791 and 1811, he cohabited with the actress Dorothea Jordan, with whom he had ten children. In 1818, he married Princess Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen. William remained faithful to Adelaide during their marriage. In 1827, he was appointed Britain's first Lord High Admiral since 1709.

As his two elder brothers died without leaving legitimate issue, William inherited the throne when he was 64 years old. His reign saw several reforms: the Poor Law was updated, child labour restricted, slavery abolished in nearly all of the British Empire, and the electoral system refashioned by the Reform Acts of 1832. Although William did not engage in politics as much as his brother or his father, he was the last British monarch to appoint a prime minister contrary to the will of Parliament. He granted his German kingdom a short-lived liberal constitution. William had no surviving legitimate children at the time of his death, so he was succeeded by his niece Victoria in the United Kingdom and his brother Ernest Augustus in Hanover.