William McAndrew

William McAndrew
McAndrew, c. 1925
13th Superintendent of Chicago Public Schools
In office January 9, 1924 – January 9, 1928 (suspended August 29, 1927–January 9, 1928)
Preceded by	Peter A. Mortenson[1]
Succeeded by	William J. Bogan[2][3]
Member of the Board of Associate Superintendents of New York City Board of Education
In office October 28, 1914 – January 1924
Preceded by	Edward L. Stevens[4]
Succeeded by	Harrold C. Campbell and Charles W. Lyon[5]
Superintendent of Schools for St. Clair, Michigan
In office 1886–1887
Preceded by	William Galpin[6]
Succeeded by	J. C. Shattuck[6]
Personal details
Born	August 20, 1863 Ypsilanti, Michigan, U.S.
Died	June 13, 1937 (age 73) Mamaroneck, New York, U.S.
Resting place	Ypsilanti, Michigan, U.S.
Spouse	Susan Irvine Gurney
Children	3
Parents	William McAndrew Sr. (father) Helen Walker (mother)
Alma mater	University of Michigan (BA) Michigan State Normal School (M.Ed)
Profession	Educator editor

William McAndrew Jr.^[7] (August 20, 1863 – June 13, 1937) was an American educator and editor who served as Superintendent of Chicago Public Schools in the 1920s. McAndrew was, for a time, one of the best-known educators in the United States.

Before becoming Chicago superintendent, he worked as superintendent of schools in St. Clair, Michigan, as a principal in Chicago, and as a principal and assistant superintendent of schools for New York City. During his more than three-decades (1892–1924) as a school administrator in New York, McAndrew garnered national attention and esteem in his field, becoming widely-known and well-regarded as a leading figure in the field of education. His philosophies about education (which took inspiration from scientific management movement advocate Frederick Winslow Taylor) received attention.

McAndrew made numerous reforms within Chicago Public Schools, including establishing middle schools, implementing standardized testing, expanding vocational training, enacting rigid requirements and supervision of teachers, and championing the creation of a mandatory retirement age. While he garnered national reverence in some circles, he also became an enemy of local teachers unions, who disapproved of his elimination of teachers' councils and strict rules in governing teachers. In Chicago, McAndrew attracted significant criticism for what detractors characterized as an autocratic leadership style, as well as national renown and praise for a number of his successes as a school administrator. McAndrew was the subject of hyperbolic political attacks by William Hale Thompson during Thompson's campaign in the 1927 Chicago mayoral election. After Thompson took office as mayor in April 1927, his adversarial tact towards McAndrew led to a highly-publicized administrative hearing conducted by the Chicago Board of Education. The board suspended McAndrew from acting as superintendent pending the result of the hearing and eventually found him guilty of various charges, but the Superior Court of Cook County would later void this ruling.

Later in his life, McAndrew was an editor of both the Educational Review and School and Society, and continued this work until his death. Educator Robert J. Havighurst described him as "a man of great self-confidence, well educated, and honorable in all his dealings", but also as one whose approach to efficiency and administration ultimately conflicted with the Chicago teachers and schools he sought to change under his leadership.