Wuhan

Wuhan
武汉市
Prefecture-level and sub-provincial city
View of the Yangtze River from Snake Hill
Wuchang Uprising Government Site
Nicknames: 
Motto(s): 
武汉，每天不一样！
("Wuhan, Different Every Day!")
Map
Location of Wuhan City jurisdiction in Hubei
Location of Wuhan City jurisdiction in Hubei
Wuhan is located in Hubei
Wuhan
Wuhan
Location of the city center in Hubei
Wuhan is located in Eastern China
Wuhan
Wuhan
Wuhan (Eastern China)
Wuhan is located in China
Wuhan
Wuhan
Wuhan (China)
Coordinates (Wuhan municipal government): 30°35′36″N 114°18′17″E / 30.5934°N 114.3046°E / 30.5934; 114.3046
CountryChina
ProvinceHubei
Settled1500 BC
First unifiedJanuary 1, 1927[6]
Hancheng walls built223 BC
Municipal seatJiang'an District
Government
 • TypePrefecture-level and sub-provincial city
 • BodyWuhan Municipal People's Congress [zh]
 • CCP SecretaryGuo Yuanqiang
 • Congress ChairmanHu Lishan
 • MayorCheng Yongwen
 • CPPCC ChairmanYang Zhi
Area
[8]
8,494.41 km2 (3,279.71 sq mi)
 • Urban
(2018)[9]
1,528 km2 (590 sq mi)
Population
 (2022)[10]
13,739,000
 • Density1,600/km2 (4,200/sq mi)
DemonymWuhanese
GDP[11]
 • Prefecture-level and sub-provincial cityCN¥ 2.001 trillion
US$ 283.2 billion
 • Per capitaCN¥ 145,656
US$ 20,610
Time zoneUTC+08:00 (China Standard)
Postal code
430000–430400
Area code0027
ISO 3166 codeCN-HB-01
License plate prefixes
  • 鄂A
  • 鄂W
  • 鄂O (police and authorities)
HDI (2015)0.839[12] (9th) – very high
City treeMetasequoia[13]
City flowerPlum blossom
Website武汉政府门户网站 (Wuhan Government Web Portal) (in Chinese); English Wuhan (in English)
Wuhan
"Wuhan" in Simplified (top) and Traditional (bottom) Chinese characters
Simplified Chinese武汉
Traditional Chinese武漢
Literal meaning"[The combined cities of] Wu[chang] and Han[kou]"
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinWǔhàn
Bopomofoㄨˇ   ㄏㄢˋ
Gwoyeu RomatzyhWuuhann
Wade–GilesWu3-han4
Tongyong PinyinWǔhàn
IPA[ù.xân] ⓘ
Wu
SuzhouneseVû-hǒe
Yue: Cantonese
Yale RomanizationMóuh-hon
Jyutpingmou5 hon3
IPA[mɔw˩˧ hɔn˧]
Southern Min
Hokkien POJBú-hàn

Wuhan[a] is the capital of Hubei, China. With a population of over eleven million, it is the most populous city in Hubei and the seventh-most-populous city in China.[15] It is also one of the nine national central cities.[16]

Wuhan historically served as a busy city port for commerce and trading with some crucial influences on Chinese history. The name "Wuhan" came from the city's historical origin from the conglomeration of Wuchang, Hankou, and Hanyang, which are collectively known as the "Three Towns of Wuhan" (武汉三镇). Wuhan lies in the eastern Jianghan Plain, at the confluence of the Yangtze river and its largest tributary, the Han River, and is known as "Nine Provinces' Thoroughfare" (九省通衢).[1] Wuhan was the site of the 1911 Wuchang Uprising against the Qing dynasty which ended 2,000 years of dynastic rule. Wuhan was briefly a capital of China twice, in 1927 under a left wing Kuomintang (KMT) government,[17] and in 1937 as a provisional wartime capital during World War II.[18][19] In 1938, during the Second Sino-Japanese War, the city was the site of the Battle of Wuhan. On December 31, 2019, SARS-CoV-2, a novel coronavirus that later caused the COVID-19 pandemic, was first discovered in Wuhan[20][21] and the city was the location of the first lockdown of the pandemic in January 2020.[22]

Wuhan is considered the political, economic, financial, commercial, cultural, and educational center of Central China.[15] It is a major transportation hub, with dozens of railways, roads, and expressways passing through the city and connecting to other major cities.[23] Because of its key role in domestic transportation, Wuhan is sometimes referred to as "the Chicago of China" by foreign sources.[3][4][5] The "Golden Waterway" of the Yangtze River and the Han River traverse the urban area and divide Wuhan into the three districts of Wuchang, Hankou, and Hanyang. The Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge crosses the Yangtze in the city. The Three Gorges Dam, the world's largest power station in terms of installed capacity, is located nearby. Historically, Wuhan has suffered risks of flooding,[24] prompting the government to alleviate the situation by introducing ecologically friendly absorption mechanisms.[25]

While Wuhan has been a traditional manufacturing hub for decades, it is also one of the areas promoting modern industrial changes in China. Wuhan has three national development zones, four scientific and technological development parks, over 350 research institutes, 1,656 high tech enterprises, numerous enterprise incubators and investments from 230 Fortune Global 500 firms.[26] It produced GDP (nominal) of US$274 billion in 2021. The Dongfeng Motor Corporation, an automobile manufacturer, is headquartered in Wuhan. The city is home to multiple notable institutes of higher education, including Wuhan University[27] and the Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Wuhan is a major city in the world by scientific research outputs and it ranks 9th globally and 5th in the Asia-Pacific & China (after Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing and Guangzhou).[28] In 2017, Wuhan was designated as a Creative City by UNESCO, in the field of design.[29] Wuhan is classified as a Beta- (global second tier) city together with seven other cities in China, including Changsha, Dalian, Jinan, Shenyang, Xiamen, Xi'an and Zhengzhou by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network.[30] Wuhan is also one of the world's top 100 financial centers, according to the Global Financial Centres Index.[31]

  1. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Readmeok Sina was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference City government 九省通衢 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference timemagazine was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Chicago is all over the place was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference 水野幸吉 Mizuno Kokichi 2014 3 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference history2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ Cite error: The named reference xingzhengquhua was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ "Wuhan Statistical Yearbook 2010" (PDF). Wuhan Statistics Bureau. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 5, 2011. Retrieved July 31, 2011.p. 15
  9. ^ Cox, W (2018). Demographia World Urban Areas (PDF) (14th Annual ed.). St. Louis: Demographia. p. 22. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 3, 2018. Retrieved June 15, 2018.
  10. ^ "武汉市统计局". tjj.wuhan.gov.cn. Archived from the original on November 16, 2023. Retrieved November 16, 2023.
  11. ^ "全国GDP十强城市排名洗牌 万亿城市竞争再升级". news.cctv.com.
  12. ^ 《2013中国人类发展报告》 (PDF) (in Chinese). United Nations Development Programme China. 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 November 2013. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
  13. ^ "The Chronology of the "Living Fossil" Metasequoia Glyptostroibodes (Taxodiaceae): A Review (1943–2003)" (PDF). Harvard College. 2003. p. 15. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 6, 2016. Retrieved January 25, 2018. 1984 In the spring, Metasequoia was chosen as the 'City Tree' of Wuhan, the capital of Hubei.
  14. ^ "Wuhan". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on June 24, 2021.
  15. ^ a b "Focus on Wuhan, China". The Canadian Trade Commissioner Service. Archived from the original on December 12, 2013. Retrieved February 10, 2013.
  16. ^ Zhao Manfeng (赵满丰). 国家中心城市 [National central cities]. usa.chinadaily.com.cn. Archived from the original on May 20, 2018. Retrieved May 20, 2018.
  17. ^ MacKinnon, Stephen R. (2002). "Wuhan's Search for Identity in the Republican Period". Remaking the Chinese City: Modernity and National Identity, 1900–1950. University of Hawaii Press. p. 161. ISBN 978-0824825188.
  18. ^ "An American in China: 1936–39 A Memoir". Archived from the original on May 12, 2013. Retrieved February 10, 2013.
  19. ^ MacKinnon, Stephen R. (2008). Wuhan, 1938: War, Refugees, and the Making of Modern China. University of California Press. p. 12. ISBN 978-0520254459.
  20. ^ "The Coronavirus: What Scientists Have Learned So Far". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved March 14, 2020.
  21. ^ Ritchie, Hannah; Mathieu, Edouard; Rodés-Guirao, Lucas; Appel, Cameron; Giattino, Charlie; Ortiz-Ospina, Esteban; Hasell, Joe; MacDonald, Bobbie; Beltekian, Diana; Roser, Max (March 5, 2020). "Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) – Research and Statistics". Our World in Data. Oxford University. Archived from the original on March 19, 2020. Retrieved March 14, 2020.
  22. ^ Cite error: The named reference :0 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  23. ^ 武汉获批全国首个交通枢纽研究试点城市. Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China. June 25, 2009. Archived from the original on December 24, 2012.
  24. ^ Jing, Li (January 23, 2019). "Inside China's leading 'sponge city': Wuhan's war with water". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on June 13, 2019. Retrieved June 13, 2019.
  25. ^ Biswas, Asit K.; Hartley, Kris (September 18, 2017). "China's 'sponge cities' aim to re-use 70% of rainwater". CNN. Archived from the original on June 13, 2019. Retrieved June 13, 2019.
  26. ^ Government of Canada, Foreign Affairs Trade and Development Canada (September 8, 2009). "Focus on Wuhan, China". www.tradecommissioner.gc.ca. Archived from the original on December 17, 2018. Retrieved June 13, 2019.
  27. ^ 校友会2017中国大学排行榜700强揭晓，北京大学十连冠 – 艾瑞深校友会网2019中国大学排行榜,中国大学研究生院排行榜,中国 – 流大学,中国大学创业富豪榜,中国独立学院排行榜,中国民办大学排行榜. www.cuaa.net. Archived from the original on June 6, 2019. Retrieved June 13, 2019.
  28. ^ "Leading 200 science cities | | Supplements | Nature Index". www.nature.com. Retrieved November 21, 2024.
  29. ^ "Wuhan | Creative Cities Network". en.unesco.org. Archived from the original on May 13, 2019. Retrieved June 13, 2019.
  30. ^ "The World According to GaWC 2020". GaWC – Research Network. Globalization and World Cities. Archived from the original on August 24, 2020. Retrieved August 31, 2020.
  31. ^ "The Global Financial Centres Index 30". Long Finance. September 2021. Archived from the original on January 21, 2022. Retrieved September 24, 2021.


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