Xanthine

Xanthine[1]
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
3,7-Dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione
Other names
1H-Purine-2,6-dione
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
DrugBank
ECHA InfoCard 100.000.653 Edit this at Wikidata
KEGG
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C5H4N4O2/c10-4-2-3(7-1-6-2)8-5(11)9-4/h1H,(H3,6,7,8,9,10,11) checkY
    Key: LRFVTYWOQMYALW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ☒N
  • InChI=1S/C5H4N4O2/c10-4-2-3(7-1-6-2)8-5(11)9-4/h1H,(H3,6,7,8,9,10,11)
  • InChI=1S/C5H4N4O2/c10-4-2-3(7-1-6-2)8-5(11)9-4/h1H,(H3,6,7,8,9,10,11)
    Key: LRFVTYWOQMYALW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • c1[nH]c2c(n1)nc(nc2O)O
Properties
C5H4N4O2
Molar mass 152.11 g/mol
Appearance White solid
Melting point decomposes
1 g/ 14.5 L @ 16 °C
1 g/1.4 L @ 100 °C
Hazards
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 2: Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury. E.g. chloroformFlammability 1: Must be pre-heated before ignition can occur. Flash point over 93 °C (200 °F). E.g. canola oilInstability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogenSpecial hazards (white): no code
2
1
0
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
☒N verify (what is checkY☒N ?)

Xanthine (/ˈzænθn/ or /ˈzænθn/, from Ancient Greek ξανθός xanthós 'yellow' for its yellowish-white appearance; archaically xanthic acid; systematic name 3,7-dihydropurine-2,6-dione) is a purine base found in most human body tissues and fluids, as well as in other organisms.[2] Several stimulants are derived from xanthine, including caffeine, theophylline, and theobromine.[3][4]

Xanthine is a product on the pathway of purine degradation.[2]

Xanthine is subsequently converted to uric acid by the action of the xanthine oxidase enzyme.[2]

  1. ^ Merck Index, 11th Edition, 9968.
  2. ^ a b c "Xanthine, CID 1188". PubChem, National Library of Medicine, US National Institutes of Health. 2019. Retrieved 28 September 2019.
  3. ^ Spiller, Gene A. (1998). Caffeine. Boca Raton: CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-2647-8.
  4. ^ Katzung, Bertram G. (1995). Basic & Clinical Pharmacology. East Norwalk, Connecticut: Paramount Publishing. pp. 310, 311. ISBN 0-8385-0619-4.