A xenoma (also known as a 'xenoparasitic complex') is a growth caused by various protists and fungi, most notably microsporidia. It can occur on numerous organisms; however is predominantly found on fish.[1]
In most cases the host cell and nuclei suffers from hypertrophy resulting in a change in organisation of the cell and its structure and can result in polyploid nuclei. This outcome is due to the microsporidian parasite proliferating inside the host cell. This results in a 'symbiotic co-existence' between the parasite and the host cell.[1] This forms the xenoparasitic complex. They tend to contain numerous cellular components as well as microsporidia at different developmental stages and spores.[2]
Not all microsporidia infections result in the formation of xenomas; only a few microsporidia actually cause xenoma formation.[2]
- ^ a b Lom J, Dyková I (2005). "Microsporidian xenomas in fish seen in wider perspective". Folia Parasitologica. 52 (1–2): 69–81. doi:10.14411/fp.2005.010. PMID 16004366.
- ^ a b Matos E, Corral L, Azevedo C (2003). "Ultrastructural details of the xenoma of Loma myrophis (phylum Microsporidia) and extrusion of the polar tube during autoinfection". Diseases of Aquatic Organisms. 54 (3): 203–207. doi:10.3354/dao054203. PMID 12803384.