Xi Jinping

Xi Jinping
习近平
Xi in 2024
General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party
Incumbent
Assumed office 15 November 2012
Preceded by	Hu Jintao
President of China
Incumbent
Assumed office 14 March 2013
Premier	Li Keqiang (2013–23) Li Qiang (since 2023)
Vice President	Li Yuanchao (2013–18) Wang Qishan (2018–23) Han Zheng (since 2023)
Preceded by	Hu Jintao
Chairman of the Central Military Commission
Incumbent
Assumed office Party Commission: 15 November 2012 State Commission: 14 March 2013
Deputy	Fan Changlong Xu Qiliang Zhang Youxia He Weidong
Preceded by	Hu Jintao
First-ranked Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party
In office 22 October 2007 – 15 November 2012
Preceded by	Zeng Qinghong
Succeeded by	Liu Yunshan
Vice President of China
In office 15 March 2008 – 14 March 2013
President	Hu Jintao
Preceded by	Zeng Qinghong
Succeeded by	Li Yuanchao
Personal details
Born	(1953-06-15) 15 June 1953 (age 71) Beijing, China
Political party	CCP (since 1974)
Spouses	Ke Lingling ​ ​ (m. 1979; div. 1982)​ Peng Liyuan ​ (m. 1987)​
Children	Xi Mingze
Parents	Xi Zhongxun Qi Xin
Relatives	Qi Qiaoqiao (sister)
Residence	Zhongnanhai
Alma mater	Tsinghua University
Signature
Website	www.gov.cn (in Chinese)
Scientific career
Thesis	Research on China's Rural Marketization (2001)
Doctoral advisor	Liu Meixun (刘美珣)
Xi Jinping's voice Recorded 1 July 2021
Chinese name
Simplified Chinese	习近平
Traditional Chinese	習近平
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Xí Jìnpíng Bopomofo ㄒㄧˊ ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄆㄧㄥˊ Wade–Giles Hsi2 Chin4-p῾ing2 Tongyong Pinyin Sí Jìn-píng MPS2 Shí Jìn-píng IPA [ɕǐ tɕîn.pʰǐŋ] Wu Shanghainese Romanization Zih⁸ Jin⁶-bin⁶ Hakka Romanization Sip6 Kiun4 Pin2[1] Pha̍k-fa-sṳ Si̍p Khiun-phìn Yue: Cantonese Yale Romanization Jaahp Gahn-pìhng Jyutping Zaap6 Gan6-ping4 IPA [tsap̚˨ kɐn˨.pʰɪŋ˩] Southern Min Hokkien POJ Si̍p Kīn-pêng Tâi-lô Si̍p Kīn-pîng Bbánlám Pìngyīm Síp Gîn-bíng Eastern Min Fuzhou BUC Sĭk Gê̤ṳng-ping
Central institution membership 2007–: 17th, 18th, 19th, 20th Politburo Standing Committee 2007–: 17th, 18th, 19th, 20th Politburo 2007–2012: Secretary (first-ranked), 17th Central Secretariat 2002–: Full member, 16th, 17th, 18th, 19th, 20th Central Committee 1997–2002: Alternate member, 15th Central Committee 1998–: Delegate, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th, 14th National People's Congress Leading Groups and Commissions 2018–present: Director, Central Financial and Economic Affairs Commission 2018–present: Director, Central Foreign Affairs Commission 2018–2023: Director, Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission 2018–present: Director, Central Comprehensively Deepening Reforms Commission 2014–present: Leader, Leading Group for Defence and Military Reform 2014–2018: Leader, Leading Group for Internet Security and Informatization 2013–present: Chairman, National Security Commission 2013–2018: Leader, Leading Group for Financial and Economic Affairs 2013–2018: Leader, Central Leading Group for Comprehensively Deepening Reforms 2012–present: Leader, Central Leading Group for Taiwan Affairs 2012–2018: Leader, Foreign Affairs Leading Group 2007–2012: Leader Group for Party Building c. 2007–2012: Leader, Leading Group for Activities of Deepening the Study and Practice of the Outlook of Scientific Development 2007–2012: Leader, Central Coordination Group for Hong Kong and Macau Affairs Other offices held 2016–present: Supreme Commander, Joint Battle Command of the People's Liberation Army 2010–2013: Vice Chairman, State Central Military Commission 2010–2012: Vice Chairman, Party Central Military Commission 2008–2013: Vice President of China 2007–2012: President, Central Party School 2007: Party Committee Secretary, Shanghai municipality 2002–2007: Party Secretary, Zhejiang province, director, Standing Committee of the Zhejiang Provincial People's Congress 2002: Deputy Party Secretary & acting governor, Zhejiang province 1999–2002: Governor, Fujian province 1995–2002: Deputy Party Secretary, Fujian province 1990–1996: Party Secretary, Fuzhou 1990–1996: Chairman, Standing Committee of the Fuzhou Municipal People's Congress 1988–1990: Party Secretary, Ningde 1985–1988: Deputy Mayor, Xiamen 1983–1985: Party Secretary, Zhengding County Paramount Leader of the People's Republic of China ← Hu Jintao (Current holder)

Xi Jinping^[a] (born 15 June 1953) is a Chinese politician who has been the general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and chairman of the Central Military Commission (CMC), and thus the paramount leader of China, since 2012. Xi has also been the president of China since 2013. As a member of the fifth generation of Chinese leadership, Xi is the first CCP general secretary born after the establishment of the People's Republic of China (PRC).

This article is part of a series about Xi Jinping
Personal Early life and education Xi Zhongxun (Father) Administration 2012 election as General Secretary 2017 reelection as General Secretary 2022 reelection as General Secretary New Zhijiang Army Policies and theories Belt and Road Initiative Chinese Dream Common prosperity Four Confidences Four Comprehensives Comprehensively Deepening Reforms Chinese-style modernization Foreign policy Eight Musts Eight-point Regulation Three red lines Dual circulation New productive forces Targeted Poverty Alleviation Two Establishes and Two Upholds Thought culture diplomacy Holistic security concept Personality cult Party media takes the party's last name Three Stricts and Three Honests Two Centenaries Wolf warrior diplomacy Whole-process people's democracy Key events Anti-corruption campaign 709 crackdown Persecution of Uyghurs in China Xinjiang internment camps China–US trade war 2019–20 Hong Kong protests COVID-19 pandemic response CCP centenary Historical resolution 2020–2021 reform spree 2022 Hong Kong visit Diplomatic activities Xi–Chu meeting Xi–Ma Meeting Xi–Kim meetings 2015 Pakistan visit 2015 United States visit 2015 United Kingdom visit 2019 Italy and France visit CPC and World Political Parties Summit 2023 Russia visit 2024 France, Serbia and Hungary visit Works Speech series The Governance of China The Hopes of President Xi Zhijiang Xinyu
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The son of Chinese communist veteran Xi Zhongxun, Xi was exiled to rural Yanchuan County as a teenager following his father's purge during the Cultural Revolution. He lived in a yaodong in the village of Liangjiahe, Shaanxi province, where he joined the CCP after several failed attempts and worked as the local party secretary. After studying chemical engineering at Tsinghua University as a worker-peasant-soldier student, Xi rose through the ranks politically in China's coastal provinces. Xi was governor of Fujian from 1999 to 2002, before becoming governor and party secretary of neighboring Zhejiang from 2002 to 2007. Following the dismissal of the party secretary of Shanghai, Chen Liangyu, Xi was transferred to replace him for a brief period in 2007. He subsequently joined the Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) of the CCP the same year and was the first-ranking secretary of the Central Secretariat in October 2007. In 2008, he was designated as Hu Jintao's presumed successor as paramount leader. Towards this end, Xi was appointed vice president of the PRC and vice chairman of the CMC. He officially received the title of leadership core from the CCP in 2016.

While overseeing China's domestic policy, Xi has introduced far-ranging measures to enforce party discipline and strengthen internal unity. His anti-corruption campaign led to the downfall of prominent incumbent and retired CCP officials, including former PSC member Zhou Yongkang. For the sake of promoting "common prosperity", Xi has enacted a series of policies designed to increase equality, overseen targeted poverty alleviation programs, and directed a broad crackdown in 2021 against the tech and tutoring sectors. Furthermore, he has expanded support for state-owned enterprises (SOEs), advanced military-civil fusion, and attempted to reform China's property sector. Following the onset of COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China, he initially presided over a zero-COVID policy from January 2020 to December 2022 before ultimately shifting towards a mitigation strategy.

Xi has pursued a more aggressive foreign policy, particularly with regard to China's relations with the U.S., the nine-dash line in the South China Sea, and the Sino-Indian border dispute. Additionally, for the sake of advancing Chinese economic interests abroad, Xi has sought to expand China's influence in Africa and Eurasia by championing the Belt and Road Initiative. Despite meeting with Taiwanese president Ma Ying-jeou in 2015, Xi presided over a deterioration in relations between Beijing and Taipei under Ma's successor, Tsai Ing-wen. In 2020, Xi oversaw the passage of a national security law in Hong Kong which clamped down on political opposition in the city, especially pro-democracy activists.

Since coming to power, Xi's tenure has witnessed a significant increase in censorship and mass surveillance, a deterioration in human rights (e.g. the internment of Uyghurs in Xinjiang), the rise of a cult of personality around his leadership, and the removal of term limits for the presidency in 2018. Xi's political ideas and principles, known as Xi Jinping Thought, have been incorporated into the party and national constitutions. As the central figure of the fifth generation of leadership of the PRC, Xi has centralized institutional power by taking on multiple positions, including new CCP committees on national security, economic and social reforms, military restructuring and modernization, and the internet. In October 2022, Xi secured a third term as CCP General Secretary, and was re-elected state president for a third term in March 2023.

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