Xmal Deutschland

Xmal Deutschland
Xmal Deutschland
Origin	Hamburg, West Germany
Genres	Post-punk; gothic rock; neue deutsche welle; dark wave; new wave; alternative rock; dream pop;
Years active	1980–1990
Labels	ZickZack; 4AD; X-ile; Metronome;
Past members	Anja Huwe; Manuela Rickers; Fiona Sangster; Rita Simonsen; Caro May; Wolfgang Ellerbrock; Manuela Zwingmann; Peter Bellendir;

Xmal Deutschland (pronounced: /ɪksmal ˈdɔʏtʃlant/), often written as X-Mal Deutschland, was a German gothic rock band.^[1]^[2] Founded in 1980 with a completely female line-up, they had chart success both in and outside their native country.^[3] Their last album was released in 1989.

^ Nancy Kilpatrick, The Goth Bible: A Compendium for the Darkly Inclined, New York: St. Martin's Griffin, 2004, chapter 5, "Music of the Macabre," p. 84.
^ Scott, Grace (2024-03-18). "German goth pioneers Xmal Deutschland: 'To British people I was like an alien'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2024-03-19. Retrieved 2024-03-20.
^ Colin Larkin, ed. (2003). The Virgin Encyclopedia of Eighties Music (Third ed.). Virgin Books. p. 503. ISBN 1-85227-969-9.

[1] Nancy Kilpatrick, The Goth Bible: A Compendium for the Darkly Inclined, New York: St. Martin's Griffin, 2004, chapter 5, "Music of the Macabre," p. 84.

[2] Scott, Grace (2024-03-18). "German goth pioneers Xmal Deutschland: 'To British people I was like an alien'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2024-03-19. Retrieved 2024-03-20.

[Larkin80-3] Colin Larkin, ed. (2003). The Virgin Encyclopedia of Eighties Music (Third ed.). Virgin Books. p. 503. ISBN 1-85227-969-9.

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