Zamama (volcano)

Image of the Zamama volcanic center, taken by Galileo in July 1999

Zamama is an active volcanic center on Jupiter's moon Io.[1][2] This volcanic center erupted after the Voyager 1 flyby in 1979, making it one of the few planetary volcanoes known to have activated during this generation's lifetime. Further analysis and study by the Galileo spacecraft helped with the overall study of Io's volcanism. Galileo located it on Io at 21°N 173°W / 21°N 173°W / 21; -173[1][3]. Zamama has a fissure-fed-type flow that is 150 km (93 mi) long with temperatures of 1,100 K (830 °C; 1,520 °F),[1] and the volcanic center site has explosive and effusive eruption characteristics.[4] The flow appears to be emanating from the Promethean-type volcano.

Remote sensing instruments built on the Galileo spacecraft—the Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS), Solid-State Imager (SSI), Photopolarimeter-Radiometer (PPR)—collect and analyze volcanism on Io's surface. Since there are no samples collected from Io, all of the interpretations are made by studying albedo effects, morphology and/or spectral variations in Galileo data. Furthermore, Geomorphologic analysis is strictly used to study such specific planetary structures.[1][5]

  1. ^ a b c d Davies, Ashley Gerald; McEwen, Alfred S.; Lopes-Gautier, Rosaly M. C.; Keszthelyi, Laszlo; Carlson, Robert W.; et al. (October 1997). "Temperature and area constraints of the South Volund volcano on Io from the NIMS and SSI instruments during the Galileo G1 orbit". Geophysical Research Letters. 24 (20): 2447–2450. Bibcode:1997GeoRL..24.2447D. doi:10.1029/97GL02310.
  2. ^ McEwen, Alfred S.; Simonelli, Damon P.; Senske, David R.; Klaasen, Kenneth P.; Keszthelyi, Laszlo; et al. (October 1997). "High-temperature hot spots on Io as seen by the Galileo Solid State Imaging (SSI) experiment". Geophysical Research Letters. 24 (20): 2443–2446. Bibcode:1997GeoRL..24.2443M. doi:10.1029/97GL01956. S2CID 128551256.
  3. ^ Davies, Ashley Gerard (2007). Volcanism on Io: A Comparison with Earth. Cambridge University Press. Bibcode:2007vice.book.....D. ISBN 978-0-521-85003-2.
  4. ^ Cite error: The named reference Schenk et al. 2004 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ Ennis; M. E.; Davies, A. G. (March 2005). Thermal Emission Variability of Zamama, Culann and Tupan on Io Using Galileo Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) Data. 36th Annual Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. 14–18 March 2005. League City, Texas. 1474. Bibcode:2005LPI....36.1474E.