Ziaism

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Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq

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Ziaism is a political ideology implemented in Pakistan from 1978 to 1988 by Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq.[1] The ideology endorses the idea of an Islamic state, influenced heavily by religion.[2] It includes Islamic laws, industrialisation, militarism and authoritarianism.[3] Zia and his doctrine are widely credited with making political Islam an influential movement within Pakistan, turning a relatively secular country into one that was based on Islamic law.[4]

General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, whose policies became known as Ziaism

The ideology attracts much controversy, especially in Pakistan, where religious and secular ideas collide.

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  1. ^ "PAKISTAN MUST CHOOSE BHUTTO-ISM OR ZIA-ISM". Australian Financial Review. Associated Press. 26 August 1988. Retrieved 10 February 2024.
  2. ^ Ziring, Lawrence (1988). "Public Policy Dilemmas and Pakistan's Nationality Problem: The Legacy of Zia ul-Haq". Asian Survey. 28 (8): 795–812. doi:10.2307/2644587. ISSN 0004-4687. JSTOR 2644587.
  3. ^ "Pakistan Moves Toward Islamic Authoritarianism". Washington Post. 22 December 2023. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 10 February 2024.
  4. ^ Jaffrelot, Christophe (2015). "From Jinnah's Secularism to Zia's Islamism". The Pakistan Paradox: Instability and Resilience. Oxford University Press. pp. 439–480. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190235185.003.0009. ISBN 9780190235185. Retrieved 10 February 2024.