Zoid

This article is about flagellated botanical reproductive cells. For other uses, see Zoid (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with zooid.

In botany, a zoid or zoïd /ˈzoʊ.ɪd/ is a reproductive cell that possesses one or more flagella, and is capable of independent movement.[1] Zoid can refer to either an asexually reproductive spore or a sexually reproductive gamete. In sexually reproductive gametes, zoids can be either male or female depending on the species. For example, some brown alga (Phaeophyceae) reproduce by producing multi-flagellated male and female gametes that recombine to form the diploid sporangia.[2] Zoids are primarily found in some protists, diatoms,[1] green alga, brown alga,[3] non-vascular plants,[4] and a few vascular plants (ferns,[1] cycads,[5] and Ginkgo biloba[6]). The most common classification group that produces zoids is the heterokonts or stramenopiles. These include green alga, brown alga, oomycetes, and some protists.[7] The term is generally not used to describe motile, flagellated sperm found in animals. Zoid is also commonly confused for zooid which is a single organism that is part of a colonial animal.

  1. ^ a b c Hoek, Christiaan van den; Mann, D. G.; Jahns, Hans Martin (1995). Algae: An introduction to phycology. UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-31687-3.
  2. ^ Heesch, Svenja; Peters, Akira F. (March 1999). "Scanning electron microscopy observation of host entry by two brown algae endophytic in Laminaria saccharina (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae)". Phycological Research. 47 (1): 1–5. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1835.1999.tb00277.x. ISSN 1322-0829.
  3. ^ Lobban, Christopher S.; Wynne, Michael James (1981). The Biology of seaweeds. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-04585-8.
  4. ^ Paolillo, Dominick J. (1981). "The Swimming Sperms of Land Plants". BioScience. 31 (5): 367–373. doi:10.2307/1308401. ISSN 0006-3568. JSTOR 1308401.
  5. ^ Norstog, Knut J.; Gifford, Ernest M.; Stevenson, Dennis Wm (2004). "Comparative Development of the Spermatozoids of Cycads and Ginkgo biloba". The Botanical Review. 70 (1): 5–15. doi:10.1663/0006-8101(2004)070[0005:CDOTSO]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0006-8101.
  6. ^ Ogura, Y. (1967). "History of discovery of spermatozoids in Ginkgo biloba and Cycas revoluta". Phytomorphology. 17: 109–114. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
  7. ^ Andersen, Robert A. (2004). "Biology and systematics of heterokont and haptophyte algae". American Journal of Botany. 91 (10): 1508–1522. doi:10.3732/ajb.91.10.1508. PMID 21652306.